bahri是什么船公司(hlbu是哪个船公司)

1. hlbu是哪个船公司

配音是为影片或多媒体加入声音的过程，指配音演员替角色配上声音，或以其它语言代替原片中角色的语言对白。同时由于声音出现错漏，由原演员重新为片段补回对白的过程亦称为配音。

基础准备

人在自然状态下发出的声音就是本音，由于声带处于放松状态，气息顺畅，所以说话最不费力，声音也往往最好听。寻找本音的两种办法分别是放松说话和打哈欠，其中打哈欠是最常用、最有效的。可以通过跟读新闻的方式训练普通话，一连坚持几个月，普通话绝对会有明显的提升。

配音前需要找准剧情发展的脉络，理解剧中人物的感情，摸清人物的气质音色，知道人物的地位作用，才能准确生动地为原片中的角色配音。

口部操

是指运用吐字器官不出声的活动,使各器官获得灵活控制能力的一种方法。它用人工设计的各种动作来加强吐字器官的肌肉力量和精细控制能力。口腔操是锻炼脸部的肌肉，保证咬字清晰。气息练习是为了练习腹部核心的肌肉，保证气息到位。

口的练习

张嘴时像打哈欠(打槽牙、挺软腭)，闭嘴时如啃苹果(松下巴)，练习主要是为口的开合打基础，要领是开口的动作要柔和，不要像平时真的打哈欠一样，两嘴角尽量向斜上方抬起，上下嘴稍放松，舌自然放平。

唇的练习

喷：也称作双唇后打响，双唇紧闭，将唇的力量集中于后中纵线三分之一的部位，唇齿相依，不裹唇，阻住气流，然后突然连续喷气出声，发出P、P、P的音。

咧：将双唇闭紧尽力向前噘起，然后将嘴角用力向两边伸展。（咧嘴），反复进行。

撇：双唇后闭紧向前噘起，然后向左歪、向右歪、向上抬、向下压。

绕：双唇闭紧向前噘听起，然后向左或向右作60度的转圈运动。

舌的练习

刮舌：舌尖抵下齿背，舌体贴住齿背，随着张嘴，用上门齿齿沿刮舌叶、舌面，使舌面能逐渐上挺隆起，然后，将舌面后移向上贴住硬腭前部，感觉舌面向头顶上部“百会”穴的位置立起来。这一练习对于打开后声腔和纠正．“尖音”、增加舌面隆起的力量很有效。口腔开度不好的人、舌面音J、 Q、X发音有问题的人可以多练习。

顶舌：闭唇．用舌尖顶住左内颊、用力顶，似逗小孩儿嘴里有糖状，然后，用舌尖顶住右内岬颊做同样练习。如上左右交替、反复练习。

伸舌：将舌伸出唇外，舌体集中、舌尖向前、向左右、向上下尽力伸展。这一练习主要练习使舌体集中、舌尖能集中用力。”

绕舌：闭唇，把舌尖伸到齿前唇后，向顺时针方向环绕360度，然后向逆时针方向环绕360度，交替进行。

立舌：将舌尖向后贴住左侧槽牙齿背，；然后将舌沿齿背推至门齿中缝。使舌尖向右侧力翻。然后做相反方向的练习。这一练习对于改进边音L的发音有益。

舌打响：将舌尖顶住硬腭、用力持阻，然后突然弹开，发出类似“的"（de）的响声。或者舌根抬起至软硬腭交界处，体会用力发“嘎”（ga）音。

捣舌：把一个像枣核一样的物体，竖放在舌面上。比如说，一个橄榄核，一个枣核，或者一小块糖，两头正对着前舌，这是竖放，用舌面挺起的动作使它翻转起来，这样反复进行。

绕口令

声母练习

普通话声母的发音过程有三个阶段：成阻、持阻、除阻。声母的发音部位不同，吐字时的着力点就不一样，比如b、P、m，发音时着力点在双唇，d、t的着力点在舌尖，靠舌尖的弹力。因此发声母时不要拖长，要咬住、弹开。我们在每段绕口令题旁都标有b、p、m、d、t、n、l、g、k、s、sh等声母字样来说明此段绕口令是专门训练所标声母的绕口令。

八百标兵（b、p）

八百标兵奔北坡，炮兵并排北边跑，炮兵怕把标兵碰，标兵怕碰炮兵炮。

炮兵和步兵（b、p、m）

炮兵攻打八面坡，炮兵排排炮弹齐发射。步兵逼近八面坡，歼敌八千八百八十多。

一平盆面（b、p）

一平盆面，烙一平盆饼，饼碰盆，盆碰饼。

巴老爷芭蕉树（b、p）

巴老爷有八十八棵芭蕉树来了八十八个把式要在巴老爷八十八棵芭蕉树下住。巴老爷拔了八十八棵芭蕉树，不让八十八个把式在八十八棵芭蕉树下住，八十八个把式烧了八十八棵芭蕉树，巴老爷在八十八棵树边哭。

老六放牛（n，l）

柳林镇有个六号楼，刘老六住在六号楼。有一天，来了牛老六，牵了六只猴；来了侯老六，拉了六头牛；来了仇老六，提了六篓油；来了尤老六，背了六匹绸。牛老六、侯老六、仇老六、尤老六，住上刘老六的六号楼，半夜里，牛抵猴，猴斗牛，撞倒了仇老六的油，油坏了尤老六的绸。牛老六帮仇老六收起油，侯老六帮尤老六洗掉绸上油，拴好牛，看好猴，一同上楼去喝酒。

颠倒歌（d，t，l）

太阳从西往东落，听我唱个颠倒歌。

天上打雷没有响，地下石头滚上坡;

江里骆驼会下蛋，山里鲤鱼搭成窝;

腊月苦热直流汗，六月暴冷打哆嗦;

姐在房中手梳头，门外口袋把驴驮。

白石塔（b，d，t）

白石塔，白石搭，白石搭白塔，

姿资睿詈冒资姿子执蟆?

哥挎瓜筐过宽沟（g、k）

哥挎瓜筐过宽沟，赶快过沟看怪狗，光看怪狗瓜筐扣，瓜滚筐空哥怪狗。

哥哥捉鸽（g、k、h）

哥哥过河捉个鸽，回家割鸽来请客，客人吃鸽称鸽肉，哥哥请客乐呵呵。

老爷堂上一面鼓（g、k、h）

老爷堂上一面鼓，鼓上一只皮老虎，皮老虎抓破了鼓，就拿块破布往上补，只见过破布补破裤，哪见过破布补破鼓。

四和十（s，sh）

四和十，十和四，十四和四十，四十和十四。说好四和十得靠舌头和牙齿。谁说四十是细席，他的舌头没用力；谁说十四是适时，他的舌头没伸直。认真学，常练习，十四、四十、四十四。

石小四和史肖石（s，sh）

石小四，史肖石，一同来到阅览室。石小四年十四，史肖石年四十。年十四的石小四爱看诗词，年四十的史肖石爱看报纸。年四十的史肖石发现了好诗词，忙递给年十四的石小四，年十四的石小四见了好报纸，忙递给年四十的史肖石。

数狮子（s，sh）

公园有四排石狮子，每排是十四只大石狮子，每只大石狮子背上是一只小石狮子，每只大石狮子脚边是四只小石狮子，史老师领四十四个学生去数石狮子，你说共数出多少只大石狮子和多少只小石狮子？

韵母练习

普通话韵母是音节的主要成分，它的发音非常重要。单韵母只有一个音素，因此比较简单，而复韵母和鼻韵母却有两个或三个音素，发韵母时，要求韵腹要拉开立起，韵尾要归音到家。并且很多都有韵尾，要特别注意归音问题，我们在每段绕口令题旁标有a、ao、ang、ing等韵母字样来说明此段绕口令是专门训练所标韵母的绕口令。。

（1）胖娃娃和蛤蟆（a）

一个胖娃娃，捉了三个大花活蛤蟆，三个胖娃娃，捉了一个大花活蛤蟆，捉了一个大花活蛤蟆的三个胖娃娃，真不如捉了三个大花活蛤蟆的一个胖娃娃。

（2）小华和胖娃（a）

小华和胖娃，两个种花又种瓜，小华会种花不会种瓜，胖娃会种瓜不会种花。

（3）毛毛和涛涛（ao）

毛毛和涛涛，跳高又练跑，毛毛教涛涛练跑，涛涛教毛毛跳高，毛毛学会了跳高，涛涛学会了练跑。

（4）猫闹鸟（ao）

东边庙里有个猫，西边树梢有只鸟。猫鸟天天闹，不知是猫闹树上鸟，还是鸟闹庙里猫。

发声技巧

让你快速看到配音的效果。

声音的艺术具体应该分为唱和说，从发声角度讲技巧相似度比较高，但是应用和操作就有很大区别，唱歌好的人未必配的好音，配音好的也未必会唱好歌。 我们可将准确清晰、圆润动听、朴实大方和富于变化作为其总体训练目的，达到这些要求，表达就有了一个借以伸展的声音基础。

气息运用

熟练发音和体会共振和共鸣，就必须要体会气息。吸气要用鼻子，慢慢的像在闻林间山边的花香一样，同时感觉到自己的小腹部隆起，就是吸气的过程。呼气是用嘴慢慢的吐出，反复训练，可以在走路，上班，轻微运动时候做这种练习，用鼻子吸入新鲜空气，用嘴吐出浊气。练习熟练后就可以鼻子吸气后，说话训练了。

气流经过鼻腔后，就需要我们有意识的对口和鼻腔进行调整，适度的打开让气流进入鼻腔，在额窦、上颌窦、蝶窦、鼻窦形成共振，产生了鼻腔的共鸣，鼻腔共鸣作为高声区共鸣腔，可以让我们的高音音色更加完美。

气息练长

可以在腹式呼吸的基础上增加极限呼吸的训练，将气一直吸到吸不动，然后再将气呼到呼不动，如此反复练习就可以扩张“丹田”，达到增加吸气量的目的。

气息练强

在床上练习腹式呼吸时，在腹部压上一本字典，吸气速度要比平时快，呼气速度要比平时慢。如果是习惯了小声说话，不知道如何让声音变大，可以试试开嗓的办法，先打半个哈欠，保持这种口腔状态，然后说“嘿、哈”，等适应了再把音量往上提，循序渐进。

气息练稳

选一篇长句较多的文章，用较快的速度读下去，背诵时要尽量控制不出现喘息声，在气息不足时用极快的速度在不为人觉察时吸入部分气流。换气宜口鼻并用，以鼻为主，掌握时间差，使气流充沛有力。

发音

发音能力有助于表达，发音能力弱会制约表达。可将准确清晰、圆润动听、朴实大方和富于变化作为总体训练目的，达到这些要求，表达就有了一个借以伸展的声音基础。用松弛自然的生活语言来说话，但是不能失去控制，不能四声混乱，不能吐字含混，还要强调语言的分寸感，注意语言的规范，有时比生活中还要收敛。

控制声音使声音松弛自然，并不是要废除基本功训练。除了明确的训练目标，发音训练还应把握适当的训练原则和训练方法。自然松弛并非退回到原来的自然生活里去，这种所谓的松弛自然是在艺术语言的基础上，让听众找不着人工雕琢的痕迹。

发音练习

静态控制：

打开口腔、提颧肌、开牙关、挺软腭、松下巴。

（1）调整呼吸，声波成束

（2）声波畅通，音饱色纯

（3）声射腭前，声音鲜明

动态控制：

字头（吐字）、字腹（立字）、字尾（归音）。

字头：咬住，弹出，部位准确，气息饱满，结实有力，停暂敏捷，干净利落。

字腹：拉开，立起，气息均匀，音长适当，圆润丰满，窄韵宽发，宽韵窄发，前音后发，后音前发，圆音扁发，扁音圆发。

字尾：尾音较短，完整自如，避免生硬，归音到位，送气到家，干净利落，趋向鲜明。

口腔开合训练

平时说话，口腔开合度较小，发生较扁窄。口腔开合训练可以改变这种状态，是声音圆润、响亮、饱满。这就要求打开牙关，下巴放松而略向后缩，上下槽牙间自然地开合。开口时，上下槽牙有向上打开的感觉;而闭合时觉得口腔上部像啃东西似地向下扣。为了使口腔开合灵活而有控制。

唇的练习

唇的控制对吐字质量有明显的影响，在发音时加强唇的力量可以使声音集中，双唇松懒声音发出来则散漫、无力。唇形不正确还会使字音出错，影响语义。为了保证字音的清晰、集中、唇的撮、展要非常灵活，发音时唇的活动幅度不能过大，要唇齿相依，唇的力量要集中在上唇的中段，呈微笑状加强上唇中段的撮合力，不要整个嘴皮子用劲。吐字时口型的动作要自然、美观、口角轻圆，为加强唇的力量和灵活。

喉部发声：

喉咙无疑是发声很重要的一个器官：

1、深吸一口气打一个哈欠，喉部由于气流的振动会自然的发出声响来。

2、可以仍然采用打哈欠的做法，但须有意识地加强气流的振动。利用横隔膜的运动把声音由喉头提至口腔再由口腔提至头腔，可以发出一种连续的气势铿锵磅礴的声音，就像在唱《满江红》中“仰天长啸"那样。

如果感觉嗓子疼痒等，那是违反了生理要求的，发声及共鸣的位置不对所导致；我们要注意不要硬喊，若各部发音器官，没有痛痒感觉，才是正常的状态。

（1） / f / 的练习

配音中要注意上齿和下唇自然接，不要上齿咬住下唇发音，成阻面积大力量则分散。/ f /本身是擦音，要注意节制气流。

（2） /b、p、m/ 的练习 ：

双唇音在配音员的口中一般不会发生发音部位的错误，只是大部分人发这三个音时，唇显得无力；有的配音员在配音时，咧嘴唇影响口腔开度，同时力量分散，双唇的爆发力必然减弱，字音的清晰度下降。

声母/m/的发音力量不够，鼻音色彩就会加重，字音闷暗。有人发音时双唇抿起，影响了音准，延缓了发音动程，语句也不会流畅。

声母/p/的发音，气流太强，则会产生噪音，话筒传出“噗噗”的声音；

生活中这三个音不用太讲究，但是配音中要求字音准确，清晰响亮，必须加强这三个音的力度；唇部收紧，接触有力，小腹要有控制，气流集中，力量集中在双唇部，这样声音也就集中了；还要注意双唇后面带的圆唇韵母/o/，而不是/e/，有的配音员因为受了方音影响把广播—— guang bo 读成了 guang be ；

练习双唇音的办法很多，如何练习双唇打响；音节表中双唇声母和韵母相拼音节，还有变换四声的练习，两字词，绕口令等。

（3） / zh、 ch 、sh、 r / 的练习

有人把它们与舌尖音相混，有人发成卷舌音，有人发得偏前，这一切都和口腔开度关系，练习时可以把牙关打开。练习开口韵时，不要两唇撅起，上下齿之间要留有距离。双唇撅起加个声筒，声音显得闷暗，造型也欠美。练习时，舌两边必须翻卷。

（4） /n、l/的练习

配音中气流冲破成阻部位时，舌尖表现无力度，无弹性，使整个字音松散，失去准确性，产生/ n、l / 混乱现象，平时说的“唇舌无力”的“舌”就是舌尖音发音无力。成阻后，气流没有形成一定的压力，冲击成阻部位时，气流软弱，舌尖肌肉紧张不起来，因而除阻没力度。

声母起领头作用，也有个别人没舌尖或者舌尖伸不出，这就更影响音准。发/n/没鼻音，舌尖顶不住上齿龈，一部分气流轻易跑到口腔外，进入鼻腔的气流减少，鼻音色彩冲淡。相反发 / l / 没有边音，舌尖顶满了上齿龈，就影响了音的准确。

同时注意气息控制，让舌头灵活有力地弹动上齿龈，练习时应注意舌尖的力量。除口部训练操以外，还可以多练习音节表中/n、l /音节和绕口令等。

很多配音员面对的问题完全是坏习惯的结果，这就是为什么经过充分训练就能够获益的所在。借助一些容易的训练来改善音质，通过意念的纠正和跟随磁带录合机的练习来使发音更干净利茁。

情绪递进

情感由想象激发，合理想象能调动配音演员创作情感变化，与配音人物心灵相通，感同身受进入角色，对人物的语言进行分析，如性格急躁的人通常语速较快声音尖利，好的配音首先会让观众忘记配音的存在。

塑造的角色必须要达到声音和形象的统一，在抓人物的性格特征时，要从观众的角度来看，了解人物的职业、生活环境、工作性质等等；考虑不同的国家和民族的影视作品区别，创作出符合时代特点的人物注意演员的表演特点。需要掌握的这些情绪的不同变化，才能迸发创作激情。要用心去感受作品的内涵，打开自己的内心世界用心去融化它。

把握情绪

情绪调动不要多使用技巧，要对角色内心挖掘，用心去感受作品所表达的内涵，用声音塑造出人物的血肉，控制好情绪不要过度，而没有了配音的话语。配音演员在配音时要与演员情感一致，但是在进行情绪的调动的时候，就要该拖则拖该收则收。

调动情绪

1、感情运动

配音并不是单纯地念台词，配音时应保证内心的情绪（喜怒哀乐）随着说话的内容一直在变化，如果内心如果没有符合台词场景的感情，那么所有声音变化都是无本之木。

2、气随情动

配音员情绪发生变化的时候，气息会发生相应的波动，所以大家不妨回想一下自己开心、愤怒、悲伤时气息会有什么变化，气息要随着情感而变。

练习技巧

1、内心世界

处理稿件的时候要在内心描绘出稿件所展现的画面，构建出一个具备色彩、光线、构图、人物等视觉元素内心世界，将自己代入其中去努力地体会人物当时所处情景与状态。

2、对象感和身份感的塑造

配音前要了解自己应当站在怎样的位置来表达这篇稿件，而不是一味地对着白纸黑字朗读。配音时要有“身份感”和“对象感”，在表达时我们应该时刻清晰谁在听，这样才会有交流感与生动感使表达更加传神。

嗓子保护

发声方式

“用气发声”并不意味着要使劲呼气，用猛烈的气息去冲击声带。比如生活中的咳嗽、怒骂、狂呼是属于高耗能的用嗓方法，声音效果极差，又很容易损伤声带而导致声音嘶哑。

说话时间

每天说话的总时间最好不要超过三个小时，连续说话不要超过一个半小时，要让声带充分休息。要多用鼻呼吸，改胸式呼吸为腹式呼吸。

饮水适量

适量喝水，水乃生命之源，多喝开水不但有利于防止喉咙干痒痛，一天保证喝6杯水，保持体内水的平衡可以充分地滋润声带，同样有利于防止其他疾病的产生，避免饮用酒精和咖啡等刺激性饮品，保持体内水的平衡可以充分地滋润声带。

注意饮食

饮食尽量吃清淡的食物，不吃或少吃刺激性食物，少吃过热、过凉和辛辣的食物。不要吃诸如油炸类等坚硬、干燥的食物，以免对嗓子造成机械性损伤。戒烟少酒特别是不要吃辛辣食物，即使是被动吸烟也应该避免，因为吸烟能够明显增加患喉癌的风险。

配音员们为了保持气息等专业技巧，每天会进行练声训练，循序渐进的加强程度。

好的心态便于自己保持良好的状态，避免大起大落起引起的过度消耗。避免大喊大叫时造成声带损伤。

人的呼吸器官都会从气管经过，如果引发呼吸道感染，对发声器官影响较大，会出现嗓子发痒发疼、感冒等情况。

吃过食物后用淡盐水或漱口水漱口，可防止炎症保护嗓子。

食物保养

雪梨

雪梨不管是单吃，还是加清水熬煮雪梨汁，都对嗓子十分有益，清热润肺。

蜂蜜袖子茶

蜂蜜对身体好，而柚子润肺清热，常喝蜂蜜柚子茶对身体有好处。

薄荷菊花茶

薄荷和菊花5：5泡开水当茶饱，清热润肺。

银耳

滋阴润肺，女性配音员建议长期食用。

推荐书籍

《表演练声课》

作者：[英]克里斯廷·林克莱特

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《影视配音艺术》

作者：王明军、阎亮

该书系统讲解了影视配音艺术的界定和分类，纪录片解说、广告配音、电视栏目配音、影视剧人物配音等的创作原则和创作规律，还通过示例分析详细讲解了影视配音的创作过程和创作方法，并附有多篇稿件供学习者练习使用。

《播音主持创作基础实训教程》

这本书是播音主持专业大学二年级专业教材，主要讲解了有声配音中需要的表达技巧，也就是我们经常说的“内三外四”，“内三”就是情景再现、对象感、内在语，“外四”就是停连、重音、语气、节奏，每章还包括理论概述、示例分析、训练指导等。在有声配音过程中不知道怎么停顿、语气怎么表达、画面感怎么营造，看了这本书配合着练习，有了很大的提高。

《声音者：孙悦斌配音理论及实践技巧》

这本书的作者是中国著名配音演员、中国传媒大学客座教授，就是给广告《国窖1573》配音的老师。这本书孙老师介绍了配音的基本理论、声音的艺术表达以及人物配音、国产影视剧与译制片配音、动画片配音、商业语言配音等不同类型的配音。

《语音发声》

主要针对基础发声和普通话，普通话不太好的小伙伴可以认真看一下。第一部分讲解了普通话声母、韵母、声调等的基础知识，第二部分讲解了呼吸控制、口腔控制、科学练声等的基本原理和训练方法。第三编综合运用有各种题材的训练材料。

配音软件

PC

布谷鸟配音

智能配音软件采用AI技术实现智能文本识别，提供上百种高度拟人、情感丰富的语音类型可供大家选择，包括“活泼俏皮”、“温柔沉稳”、“端庄大气”等多种类型，同时支持多人对话式配音。

Utools工具箱

插件化的桌面工具，支持Win、Mac和Linux系统。按下Alt+空格就会出现，在搜索框中搜索文字转语音，下载这个插件之后将文本输入进去，选择声音类型就可以进行试听了，该工具支持导出格式固定是mp3格式。

文本转语音

这是一个在线文字转语音的工具，无需下载安装在浏览器中即可打开使用。使用自定义真实语音生成器，具有不同朗读风格和情感音调的语音，可以轻松地调整语速、音调、发音和停顿等，但不支持下载语音文件哦。（）

APP

荔枝

一款文艺的电台软件，超多有趣的素材让录音变得简单又好玩，不满意还可以重新录制。

讯飞配音

海量配音模板适用于多个配音场景，即使是卫视御用语音在这里也能被找到，还提供真人配音服务，让用户可以享受更加专业和自然的音色。

配音大师

一款文字和视频配音必备的软件，用户可以使用它变成配音大师，视频配音支持一键导出和实时预览，还可以随心所欲的编辑文本内容，让你快速看到配音效果。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"配音是为影片或多媒体","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"加入声音的过程","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，指配音演员替角色配上声音，或以其它语言代替原片中角色的语言对白。同时由于声音出现错漏，由原演员重新为片段补回对白的过程亦称为配音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni0A0MOGSAuq8GnYaFTIRib"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基础准备","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGY22Wsaq6Ko6uEoavPgLxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"人在自然状态下发出的声音就是本音，由于声带处于放松状态，气息顺畅，所以说话最不费力，声音也往往最好听。寻找本音的两种办法分别是放松说话和打哈欠，其中打哈欠是最常用、最有效的。可以通过跟读新闻的方式训练普通话，一连坚持几个月，普通话绝对会有明显的提升。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniGKuKWIcqIO2cdtIsHSD6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"配音前需要找准剧情发展的脉络，理解剧中人物的感情，摸清人物的气质音色，知道人物的地位作用，才能准确生动地为原片中的角色配音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOeCiK2k2wESkoHqJL3E2Db"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":685,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"基础准备","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a02bb229552f4a5b9bdfc197dae0a0c5","width":997},"text":"","id":"doxcnQGIcQMySsAkmElUUzTT7zh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"口部操","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniwUEQugCuMoO2txjTfcbbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是指运用吐字器官不出声的活动,使各器官获得灵活控制能力的一种方法。它用人工设计的各种动作来加强吐字器官的肌肉力量和精细控制能力。口腔操是锻炼脸部的肌肉，保证咬字清晰。气息练习是为了练习腹部核心的肌肉，保证气息到位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnws6IYey2g2CIgp4rPnnaIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsuuWYQkAKCwcgFIkgiw1fd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"口的练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIAagqMg8Sku2wb60oqRPgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"张嘴时像打哈欠(打槽牙、挺软腭)，闭嘴时如啃苹果(松下巴)，练习主要是为口的开合打基础，要领是开口的动作要柔和，不要像平时真的打哈欠一样，两嘴角尽量向斜上方抬起，上下嘴稍放松，舌自然放平。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMoSEsuKgSQ8mErnXIkGo6b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"唇的练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSUgsAkYy2mCuigeGu0wdZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"喷：也称作双唇后打响，双唇紧闭，将唇的力量集中于后中纵线三分之一的部位，唇齿相依，不裹唇，阻住气流，然后突然连续喷气出声，发出P、P、P的音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaCi8g6mKSGCa0YghPBjfPC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"咧：将双唇闭紧尽力向前噘起，然后将嘴角用力向两边伸展。（咧嘴），反复进行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGiYUkSGAGaWqiEDhzHybpQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撇：双唇后闭紧向前噘起，然后向左歪、向右歪、向上抬、向下压。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0YaGmQ8E4cuQCQQVSGQEde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绕：双唇闭紧向前噘听起，然后向左或向右作60度的转圈运动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWKgY2i4CqcqmkyzfzhccOb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"舌的练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnccmiqiaAyCYMOyRoKSgBxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刮舌：舌尖抵下齿背，舌体贴住齿背，随着张嘴，用上门齿齿沿刮舌叶、舌面，使舌面能逐渐上挺隆起，然后，将舌面后移向上贴住硬腭前部，感觉舌面向头顶上部“百会”穴的位置立起来。这一练习对于打开后声腔和纠正．“尖音”、增加舌面隆起的力量很有效。口腔开度不好的人、舌面音J、 Q、X发音有问题的人可以多练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm0Qo6wyAEMUiiaWJLQFU2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"顶舌：闭唇．用舌尖顶住左内颊、用力顶，似逗小孩儿嘴里有糖状，然后，用舌尖顶住右内岬颊做同样练习。如上左右交替、反复练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6Cgym2qYyoeq88pxIewnCZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"伸舌：将舌伸出唇外，舌体集中、舌尖向前、向左右、向上下尽力伸展。这一练习主要练习使舌体集中、舌尖能集中用力。”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneISq4gkqaKaaaslll3SSfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绕舌：闭唇，把舌尖伸到齿前唇后，向顺时针方向环绕360度，然后向逆时针方向环绕360度，交替进行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncUuQamIaAuyE4eUdunzJcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"立舌：将舌尖向后贴住左侧槽牙齿背，；然后将舌沿齿背推至门齿中缝。使舌尖向右侧力翻。然后做相反方向的练习。这一练习对于改进边音L的发音有益。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnssEw4cqS2UwWAfO1nO8NAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"舌打响：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"将舌尖顶住硬腭、用力持","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"阻","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，然后突然弹开，发出类似“的\"（de）的响声。或者舌根抬起至软硬腭交界处，体会用力发“嘎”（ga）音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuA86cW0swA886fKquVYxSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"捣舌：把一个像枣核一样的物体，竖放在舌面上。比如说，一个橄榄核，一个枣核，或者一小块糖，两头正对着前舌，这是竖放，用舌面挺起的动作使它翻转起来，这样反复进行。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoqCOWAii2EYAb28r90LQqo"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"绕口令","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIOG6EyuMwGQuySVEa4LM7b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"声母练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4ugcW8okKCAuucXVLnlK3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"普通话声母的发音过程有三个阶段：成阻、持阻、除阻。声母的发音部位不同，吐字时的着力点就不一样，比如b、P、m，发音时着力点在双唇，d、t的着力点在舌尖，靠舌尖的弹力。因此发声母时不要拖长，要咬住、弹开。我们在每段绕口令题旁都标有b、p、m、d、t、n、l、g、k、s、sh等声母字样来说明此段绕口令是专门训练所标声母的绕口令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUeWccyMK0siCUbdnYluOLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八百标兵（b、p）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoi8CoCm8IGE0wswkWLmRWW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八百标兵奔北坡，炮兵并排北边跑，炮兵怕把标兵碰，标兵怕碰炮兵炮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn88G2sis8cUmAEnP5t1srPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮兵和步兵（b、p、m）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniiaSYWiAsoQcKMabtVQCje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮兵攻打八面坡，炮兵排排炮弹齐发射。步兵逼近八面坡，歼敌八千八百八十多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIKcUKiaKCE6yCWGWTNSJdQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一平盆面（b、p）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA6ooKy6iia2eQfQNtEMDee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一平盆面，烙一平盆饼，饼碰盆，盆碰饼。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnug6MiaMYWEkWUzhcXYSO2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"巴老爷芭蕉树（b、p）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuC420O8g6OoKqqo9120p7g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"巴老爷有八十八棵芭蕉树来了八十八个把式要在巴老爷八十八棵芭蕉树下住。巴老爷拔了八十八棵芭蕉树，不让八十八个把式在八十八棵芭蕉树下住，八十八个把式烧了八十八棵芭蕉树，巴老爷在八十八棵树边哭。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCAS4UGQgAIwIDf207CeTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"老六放牛（n，l）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmcOYY6SkwQqGK8h7wS7KKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"柳林镇有个六号楼，刘老六住在六号楼。有一天，来了牛老六，牵了六只猴；来了侯老六，拉了六头牛；来了仇老六，提了六篓油；来了尤老六，背了六匹绸。牛老六、侯老六、仇老六、尤老六，住上刘老六的六号楼，半夜里，牛抵猴，猴斗牛，撞倒了仇老六的油，油坏了尤老六的绸。牛老六帮仇老六收起油，侯老六帮尤老六洗掉绸上油，拴好牛，看好猴，一同上楼去喝酒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn64YCoOU0Yk6U6d3TtFd72e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"颠倒歌（d，t，l）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsIMoEkAO8aaqyOkE16c5Kg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"太阳从西往东落，听我唱个颠倒歌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOAi04CUQGs6Mi86LGhYlXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"天上打雷没有响，地下石头滚上坡;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmcG4qwC8EUCuqbJuRW4hGZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"江里骆驼会下蛋，山里鲤鱼搭成窝;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnISIGGoK8ugycCUITq8DWDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"腊月苦热直流汗，六月暴冷打哆嗦;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAw2K4cki2Yiq4fuS1ZeeJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"姐在房中手梳头，门外口袋把驴驮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6COcm6WeaUscApveLJjWUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"白石塔（b，d，t）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEouomyOyEcsU257ktxecNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"白石塔，白石搭，白石搭白塔，","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSOW8CCgwemKkMrTckJqjqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"姿资睿詈冒资姿子执蟆?","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEqoAiaSeuyagCalpJDeKlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"哥挎瓜筐过宽沟（g、k）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6A8iEy6Im4S2kBHdAZd5fh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"哥挎瓜筐过宽沟，赶快过沟看怪狗，光看怪狗瓜筐扣，瓜滚筐空哥怪狗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoccMOYwwUA6QcT2bKaJOHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"哥哥捉鸽（g、k、h）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6GwKw4kI0a6Q2xChJoxfIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"哥哥过河捉个鸽，回家割鸽来请客，客人吃鸽称鸽肉，哥哥请客乐呵呵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUyu0SsOeKkW0MDuAVOv6Tb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"老爷堂上一面鼓（g、k、h）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEwaSCyOqIgCOkf5cKoGMlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"老爷堂上一面鼓，鼓上一只皮老虎，皮老虎抓破了鼓，就拿块破布往上补，只见过破布补破裤，哪见过破布补破鼓。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQU22kyiIoc8KIrig8JrrZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四和十（s，sh）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOg2I0uCSSmsy4at3ARwLRs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四和十，十和四，十四和四十，四十和十四。说好四和十得靠舌头和牙齿。谁说四十是细席，他的舌头没用力；谁说十四是适时，他的舌头没伸直。认真学，常练习，十四、四十、四十四。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkkMmwIQ28MKCie6jHrPORg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"石小四和史肖石（s，sh）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6SSIm4eoWWqsOgHx0oX4pf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"石小四，史肖石，一同来到阅览室。石小四年十四，史肖石年四十。年十四的石小四爱看诗词，年四十的史肖石爱看报纸。年四十的史肖石发现了好诗词，忙递给年十四的石小四，年十四的石小四见了好报纸，忙递给年四十的史肖石。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWwkaoS0AoSUUUpgq7NvFIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"数狮子（s，sh）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngeAgccE6qCioGCcdbu3Jpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"公园有四排石狮子，每排是十四只大石狮子，每只大石狮子背上是一只小石狮子，每只大石狮子脚边是四只小石狮子，史老师领四十四个学生去数石狮子，你说共数出多少只大石狮子和多少只小石狮子？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu0cuYg4IaSc8UTV6cOhGMb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"韵母练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2648GkoegwAgUb7xoDUgOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"普通话韵母是音节的主要成分，它的发音非常重要。单韵母只有一个音素，因此比较简单，而复韵母和鼻韵母却有两个或三个音素，发韵母时，要求韵腹要拉开立起，韵尾要归音到家。并且很多都有韵尾，要特别注意归音问题，我们在每段绕口令题旁标有a、ao、ang、ing等韵母字样来说明此段绕口令是专门训练所标韵母的绕口令。。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6emsmUSGem0A2JhspWw3qc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）胖娃娃和蛤蟆（a）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniooYYmWoiaaMekMrvj30vd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一个胖娃娃，捉了三个大花活蛤蟆，三个胖娃娃，捉了一个大花活蛤蟆，捉了一个大花活蛤蟆的三个胖娃娃，真不如捉了三个大花活蛤蟆的一个胖娃娃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEYQ2CsAWEy40o3IdLWBlZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）小华和胖娃（a）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniykkSG2YAA848bh3Oy6Aqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小华和胖娃，两个种花又种瓜，小华会种花不会种瓜，胖娃会种瓜不会种花。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSyK0sYywMKOAu01AUXNxae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）毛毛和涛涛（ao）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8ooQqyaym0iKWT3qw8rxnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛毛和涛涛，跳高又练跑，毛毛教涛涛练跑，涛涛教毛毛跳高，毛毛学会了跳高，涛涛学会了练跑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG2cKwYaGuwA6k9PbrinUHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（4）猫闹鸟（ao）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaSSoAOMcm8iUmYWmPXAkGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"东边庙里有个猫，西边树梢有只鸟。猫鸟天天闹，不知是猫闹树上鸟，还是鸟闹庙里猫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq0ksecweuqU6st9kViyvJd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"发声技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYcegUWaYqGQYQBbntWtUkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"让你快速看到配音的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm2SYAa8wek2a2PTVy7k29g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声音的艺术具体应该分为唱和说，从发声角度讲技巧相似度比较高，但是应用和操作就有很大区别，唱歌好的人未必配的好音，配音好的也未必会唱好歌。 我们可将准确清晰、圆润动听、朴实大方和富于变化作为其总体训练目的，达到这些要求，表达就有了一个借以伸展的声音基础。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCK00eWQOMaG4W4GKi63DKg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":366,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发声技巧","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e9bf4afea0794590b40459dfa9cac47e","width":593},"text":"","id":"doxcng6WuAAg2ws6Ca2D7SXCXtc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"气息运用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSogCKCacWkWSSatEV3v8rd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"熟练发音和体会共振和共鸣，就必须要体会气息。吸气要用鼻子，慢慢的像在闻林间山边的花香一样，同时感觉到自己的小腹部隆起，就是吸气的过程。呼气是用嘴慢慢的吐出，反复训练，可以在走路，上班，轻微运动时候做这种练习，用鼻子吸入新鲜空气，用嘴吐出浊气。练习熟练后就可以鼻子吸气后，说话训练了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQm6g8OGCyA0WCKJbqIAnLd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":278,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"气息运用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/576d8489d6574cf39f5161270578fb4a","width":597},"text":"","id":"doxcnqKossyAkCOMaWOIjk0jVfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"气流经过鼻腔后，就需要我们有意识的对口和鼻腔进行调整，适度的打开让气流进入鼻腔，在额窦、上颌窦、蝶窦、鼻窦形成共振，产生了鼻腔的共鸣，鼻腔共鸣作为高声区共鸣腔，可以让我们的高音音色更加完美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngMGyYga6Wmw2OQJOylpgQg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"气息练长","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMkWeyMMqSkIwu6q0b7uQIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以在腹式呼吸的基础上增加极限呼吸的训练，将气一直吸到吸不动，然后再将气呼到呼不动，如此反复练习就可以扩张“丹田”，达到增加吸气量的目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOiiaKKC6QoseQzYcJRsYud"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"气息练强","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsoe2KyCq0UmYEnRJwy2yCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在床上练习腹式呼吸时，在腹部压上一本字典，吸气速度要比平时快，呼气速度要比平时慢。如果是习惯了小声说话，不知道如何让声音变大，可以试试开嗓的办法，先打半个哈欠，保持这种口腔状态，然后说“嘿、哈”，等适应了再把音量往上提，循序渐进。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSEW66gA8WqgQ4ysNkGAFPc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"气息练稳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQQOKucYuwq8KYpx6Z0NnZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选一篇长句较多的文章，用较快的速度读下去，背诵时要尽量控制不出现喘息声，在气息不足时用极快的速度在不为人觉察时吸入部分气流。换气宜口鼻并用，以鼻为主，掌握时间差，使气流充沛有力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4Eiao62oWAmoglkk0FisEe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":345,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"气息练稳","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/773d42ddaff34f758ecbd0722b2aef00","width":792},"text":"","id":"doxcn8COSIeUKW0YWMPfTSXHxXf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8wGmkkgGC2aEEF8equ4Iih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音能力有助于表达，发音能力弱会制约表达。可将准确清晰、圆润动听、朴实大方和富于变化作为总体训练目的，达到这些要求，表达就有了一个借以伸展的声音基础。用松弛自然的生活语言来说话，但是不能失去控制，不能四声混乱，不能吐字含混，还要强调语言的分寸感，注意语言的规范，有时比生活中还要收敛。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngO4s66yOIgigo1ABXXKnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"控制声音使声音松弛自然，并不是要废除基本功训练。除了明确的训练目标，发音训练还应把握适当的训练原则和训练方法。自然松弛并非退回到原来的自然生活里去，这种所谓的松弛自然是在艺术语言的基础上，让听众找不着人工雕琢的痕迹。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkiMcia6YEKsOa8LR7tqgKc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"发音练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuKy0osySSOMWQlzv1cXJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"静态控制：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8qoKQiwaIGicUlkaggIylg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开口腔、提颧肌、开牙关、挺软腭、松下巴。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKwYOI8eOi6Yq8TJSkDEBfh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）调整呼吸，声波成束","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIycKqC4iMuqW0ooePbCy0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）声波畅通，音饱色纯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUgcWk8OGcIkomwmfScavCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）声射腭前，声音鲜明","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnawk2mqM6O6KC6uf7OmNKOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"动态控制：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyEoSm0MWWwSUG02pqFdJzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字头（吐字）、字腹（立字）、字尾（归音）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQ2GWsgmY2Uw62CE4tLvdg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字头：咬住，弹出，部位准确，气息饱满，结实有力，停暂敏捷，干净利落。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6sMigKUySIMymax3u1Znug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字腹：拉开，立起，气息均匀，音长适当，圆润丰满，窄韵宽发，宽韵窄发，前音后发，后音前发，圆音扁发，扁音圆发。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSa0y6Kia62c6gfnIAQg5Tf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字尾：尾音较短，完整自如，避免生硬，归音到位，送气到家，干净利落，趋向鲜明。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUSY2aGUGkGcSyotjFl5Beg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"口腔开合训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnou640i6oWSCIALmCJn3dRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平时说话，口腔开合度较小，发生较扁窄。口腔开合训练可以改变这种状态，是声音圆润、响亮、饱满。这就要求打开牙关，下巴放松而略向后缩，上下槽牙间自然地开合。开口时，上下槽牙有向上打开的感觉;而闭合时觉得口腔上部像啃东西似地向下扣。为了使口腔开合灵活而有控制。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2EKgqMAgwYyYq7iMHzN5bb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"唇的练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUUwcm2qmUcGYmsQftz5yYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"唇的控制对吐字质量有明显的影响，在发音时加强唇的力量可以使声音集中，双唇松懒声音发出来则散漫、无力。唇形不正确还会使字音出错，影响语义。为了保证字音的清晰、集中、唇的撮、展要非常灵活，发音时唇的活动幅度不能过大，要唇齿相依，唇的力量要集中在上唇的中段，呈微笑状加强上唇中段的撮合力，不要整个嘴皮子用劲。吐字时口型的动作要自然、美观、口角轻圆，为加强唇的力量和灵活。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAkqC0YG26gIgA9kD0EVuUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"喉部发声：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyGgCMQS0866SS09WKLee3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"喉咙无疑是发声很重要的一个器官：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKcowU0sCyqIykLdaeoiCIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、深吸一口气打一个哈欠，喉部由于气流的振动会自然的发出声响来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaM82w8QCS0E0g5jGaTeCVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、可以仍然采用打哈欠的做法，但须有意识地加强气流的振动。利用横隔膜的运动把声音由喉头提至口腔再由口腔提至头腔，可以发出一种连续的气势铿锵磅礴的声音，就像在唱《满江红》中“仰天长啸\"那样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnemQoskoI2WaKMDZdvTPVCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果感觉嗓子疼痒等，那是违反了生理要求的，发声及共鸣的位置不对所导致；我们要注意不要硬喊，若各部发音器官，没有痛痒感觉，才是正常的状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny8iKMEwgO4uiwbwhfkVvgb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":356,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发音练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0261b9022f41418db04995d56f23bea2","width":358},"text":"","id":"doxcnMskAQWgKQgqIsRRLnV90zd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1） / f / 的练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAo6c4qi2QIo6YfCflxZBWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"配音中要注意上齿和下唇自然接，不要上齿咬住下唇发音，成阻面积大力量则分散。/ f /本身是擦音，要注意节制气流。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncMEIyWM6SY0eAE8fXPUzd5"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":410,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发音练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f055594ab2884556b795e806a0a3e577","width":410},"text":"","id":"doxcn0IyGi8QUYqKsSRRBWOUk75"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYkcsmWUUGAcWA5MuaQWP9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2） /b、p、m/ 的练习 ：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm08KeKUAiICKEhW63bBVRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双唇音在配音员的口中一般不会发生发音部位的错误，只是大部分人发这三个音时，唇显得无力；有的配音员在配音时，咧嘴唇影响口腔开度，同时力量分散，双唇的爆发力必然减弱，字音的清晰度下降。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGKkqks2MeUOogL7qAD4cQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声母/m/的发音力量不够，鼻音色彩就会加重，字音闷暗。有人发音时双唇抿起，影响了音准，延缓了发音动程，语句也不会流畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMEuc20Aw26oAuGzvUiBtNg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":408,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发音练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1189359d7da5431c9b464e9faa783ac7","width":420},"text":"","id":"doxcniCiU6OIyCYwA1E3Hssj7GD"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc002OYgUwo2iqAfccSeJZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQAesEGGIYmY4cHADu1g89c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声母/p/的发音，气流太强，则会产生噪音，话筒传出“噗噗”的声音；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmyeSwCyASSeY0MKobLzi8b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":447,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发音练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5a0dbc509bc74b008690352582ce6d5b","width":511},"text":"","id":"doxcnYaM4yMEKAM6Oeo1Vptqjub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn46mQEqcWEGSeEvtO6ZF8fd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"生活中这三个音不用太讲究，但是配音中要求字音准确，清晰响亮，必须加强这三个音的力度；唇部收紧，接触有力，小腹要有控制，气流集中，力量集中在双唇部，这样声音也就集中了；还要注意双唇后面带的圆唇韵母/o/，而不是/e/，有的配音员因为受了方音影响把广播—— guang bo 读成了 guang be ；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwEUCwKMcouWMNcymGC5lrq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习双唇音的办法很多，如何练习双唇打响；音节表中双唇声母和韵母相拼音节，还有变换四声的练习，两字词，绕口令等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn24cKSSEaoGKy0siUTIhUzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3） / zh、 ch 、sh、 r / 的练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoQUA6oWSwCsIUlYqZ1aH1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有人把它们与舌尖音相混，有人发成卷舌音，有人发得偏前，这一切都和口腔开度关系，练习时可以把牙关打开。练习开口韵时，不要两唇撅起，上下齿之间要留有距离。双唇撅起加个声筒，声音显得闷暗，造型也欠美。练习时，舌两边必须翻卷。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGkMoK6SMCSUoiA3apOxsig"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":659,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发音练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0415718ab1fc4208a64c0be282105218","width":1123},"text":"","id":"doxcnYEw6MkMi0K2qMn9Tr1NwTd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":362,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发音练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/185aa69b21d741539fef6d7f57aa7e45","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnYYuu2yqIMSIEQN7V6eRyWb"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaOUmYgayOGSYeaFPKACS9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaOUmYgayOGSYeaFPKACS9d"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":386,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发音练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ab922f783c854f50836778e94e41acae","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnMAqEGqok4QqIeUuRl1Kgbh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":464,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发音练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/738edae4fb75492f9c9e1c77bcd907f2","width":669},"text":"","id":"doxcnaqUACIgGGWIyqirPRB9A23"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnikKiIuuWqS44qkdrAAno7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（4） /n、l/的练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWEACauYuYyacyvreZdWatb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"配音中气流冲破成阻部位时，舌尖表现无力度，无弹性，使整个字音松散，失去准确性，产生/ n、l / 混乱现象，平时说的“唇舌无力”的“舌”就是舌尖音发音无力。成阻后，气流没有形成一定的压力，冲击成阻部位时，气流软弱，舌尖肌肉紧张不起来，因而除阻没力度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEoCy8ImWGC2m2swW6CGdeU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声母起领头作用，也有个别人没舌尖或者舌尖伸不出，这就更影响音准。发/n/没鼻音，舌尖顶不住上齿龈，一部分气流轻易跑到口腔外，进入鼻腔的气流减少，鼻音色彩冲淡。相反发 / l / 没有边音，舌尖顶满了上齿龈，就影响了音的准确。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMQqYswUQ80UYwzJIg6s8Xf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时注意气息控制，让舌头灵活有力地弹动上齿龈，练习时应注意舌尖的力量。除口部训练操以外，还可以多练习音节表中/n、l /音节和绕口令等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm6uCq6eqmWuq6BZlxvU1Je"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":420,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发音练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/355c10a9d1d648258bb7e5d993e64290","width":480},"text":"","id":"doxcn2uusoki2m0QkyWsm8qjWBg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":368,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"发音练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6f5c28dc25d54f7aa2b29c25529fbd1a","width":755},"text":"","id":"doxcnEYO8yyKoQMO88x4kwZxR3e"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkkaaUeqqQuywKuwRZgqoAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnskKgOyyOCMsUsH20jUbSAO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"很多配音员面对的问题完全是坏习惯的结果，这就是为什么经过充分训练就能够获益的所在。借助一些容易的训练来改善音质，通过意念的纠正和跟随磁带录合机的练习来使发音更干净利茁。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUiIOSsyi8CqgAhv467zfYd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"情绪递进","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMCYesIcoa4WMsVpmkwZVze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"情感由想象激发，合理想象能调动配音演员创作情感变化，与配音人物心灵相通，感同身受进入角色，对人物的语言进行分析，如性格急躁的人通常语速较快声音尖利，好的配音首先会让观众忘记配音的存在。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOIM2MwMEuyoSINVfzhQ4dc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"塑造的角色必须要达到声音和形象的统一，在抓人物的性格特征时，要从观众的角度来看，了解人物的职业、生活环境、工作性质等等；考虑不同的国家和民族的影视作品区别，创作出符合时代特点的人物注意演员的表演特点。需要掌握的这些情绪的不同变化，才能迸发创作激情。要用心去感受作品的内涵，打开自己的内心世界用心去融化它。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwQMKaECCCYwIIFlMlFpGdd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"把握情绪","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8SA80wyGk6s2mOh5nvXQmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"情绪调动不要多使用技巧，要对角色内心挖掘，用心去感受作品所表达的内涵，用声音塑造出人物的血肉，控制好情绪不要过度，而没有了配音的话语。配音演员在配音时要与演员情感一致，但是在进行情绪的调动的时候，就要该拖则拖该收则收。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI4C0oI86oko0mu9grjRu6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"调动情绪","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEiyYe8QEkiA4aekGEXv7kh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、感情运动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny8E2MKk4cwUmqkpCj107Hc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"配音并不是单纯地念台词，配音时应保证内心的情绪（喜怒哀乐）随着说话的内容一直在变化，如果内心如果没有符合台词场景的感情，那么所有声音变化都是无本之木。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSewQkSyIUmGsKs24T8tH7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、气随情动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22u40okOUAUUyoxeKCMHXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"配音员情绪发生变化的时候，气息会发生相应的波动，所以大家不妨回想一下自己开心、愤怒、悲伤时气息会有什么变化，气息要随着情感而变。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOOWQoMiS6MyWEVSrxGFHvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"练习技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCYiSqUwAU4mQqgUhbJuHFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、内心世界","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmM8Q62gwyiiYijzQrjZY5i"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"处理稿件的时候要在内心描绘出稿件所展现的画面，构建出一个具备色彩、光线、构图、人物等视觉元素内心世界，将自己代入其中去努力地体会人物当时所处情景与状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIeMSWi84kg6Uuw6DFnmjU2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、对象感和身份感的塑造","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAQoAeOGOigeC87MEM5Vzvx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"配音前要了解自己应当站在怎样的位置来表达这篇稿件，而不是一味地对着白纸黑字朗读。配音时要有“身份感”和“对象感”，在表达时我们应该时刻清晰谁在听，这样才会有交流感与生动感使表达更加传神。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmO40yqU44guy4dbZx2HBkf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"嗓子保护","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQwuMgiIyIGMuwdJ2Wbj7Qb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"发声方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06cC0kGkgoa60we30jjN2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“用气发声”并不意味着要使劲呼气，用猛烈的气息去冲击声带。比如生活中的咳嗽、怒骂、狂呼是属于高耗能的用嗓方法，声音效果极差，又很容易损伤声带而导致声音嘶哑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6O42KKsmU0MWQFjQmNDHFh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"说话时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnECyISYIYUSEALqe9Qjc1EA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每天说话的总时间最好不要超过三个小时，连续说话不要超过一个半小时，要让声带充分休息。要多用鼻呼吸，改胸式呼吸为腹式呼吸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWw82MSquMYm6C6QOz1Fvee"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"饮水适量","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna22uA4OQqUCqi6J9vyWG5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"适量喝水，水乃生命之源，多喝开水不但有利于防止喉咙干痒痛，一天保证喝6杯水，保持体内水的平衡可以充分地滋润声带，同样有利于防止其他疾病的产生，避免饮用酒精和咖啡等刺激性饮品，保持体内水的平衡可以充分地滋润声带。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnukeggQoYYg4sI35ZRIsj6f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意饮食","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyOkMmYwo20IcuqrMYxOZGl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"饮食尽量吃清淡的食物，不吃或少吃刺激性食物，少吃过热、过凉和辛辣的食物。不要吃诸如油炸类等坚硬、干燥的食物，以免对嗓子造成机械性损伤。戒烟少酒特别是不要吃辛辣食物，即使是被动吸烟也应该避免，因为吸烟能够明显增加患喉癌的风险。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUCEICWCSOmqgBk0tQapXp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"配音员们为了保持气息等专业技巧，每天会进行练声训练，循序渐进的加强程度。","id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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn084SOw824SE2MP1HODfHcg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"讯飞配音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEKSo6kggsAYWANlZSKzDVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"海量配音模板适用于多个配音场景，即使是卫视御用语音在这里也能被找到，还提供真人配音服务，让用户可以享受更加专业和自然的音色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2gCQuma4028cAxbkCYh74g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":641,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"讯飞配音","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c5750c8bd64e4c49a5f1d99e039b6ef5","width":475},"text":"","id":"doxcnsyCaqkQiQWaEEV2hb4JGbe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"配音大师","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK6w0U2qMGQqAIlXcbfl4Wd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一款文字和视频配音必备的软件，用户可以使用它变成配音大师，视频配音支持一键导出和实时预览，还可以随心所欲的编辑文本内容，让你快速看到配音效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE6kEWUcqKSGg8U5CUReHDb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":464,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"配音大师","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7dc5f027f26842238aed257e22b73c86","width":478},"text":"","id":"doxcnqAqcCGwsUiSqeutJmMw5ig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSywuqGksoCWCod0FZ0ajSh"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

2. hap是哪个船公司

经过重新组合，现存的只有全球四大海运联盟，包括：1）大联盟，大联盟由日本邮船、赫伯罗特航运、东方海外及马来西亚国际航运组成；2）A·P·莫勒／马士基集团；3）新世界联盟主要成员包括美国总统轮船、现代商船及商船三井。4)CKYH海运联盟由阳明海运公司、中国远洋、川崎汽船及韩进海运

MSC（地中海航运）/MSK（马士基海陆航运）/CMA（法国达飞航运）

CKYH（海运联盟，取自COSCO中远\k'line川崎汽船\YANGMING阳明海运\HANJIN韩进海运字头）OOCL东方海外航运/NYK日本邮船/HAP（HAPAG·LLOYDCONTAINERLINES）赫伯罗特货柜航运APL美国总统航运/HMM现代商船/MOL商船三井/EMC长荣海运/CSCL中国海运集团/

TSL德翔航运/POSA海南泛洋/MATSON美森航运

3. hbs是哪个船公司

仲夏苦夜短，开轩纳微凉。

相看两不厌，只有敬亭山。

海内存知己，天涯若比邻。

欲将轻骑逐，大雪满弓刀。

无端更渡桑干水，却望并州是故乡。

野旷天低树，江清月近人。

窗含西岭千秋雪，门泊东吴万里船。

深林人不知，明月来相照。

4. hal是哪个船公司

xjvsnaj 永远是午夜ofviac 9点天空变橙色mghxyrm 雷暴天气cwjxuoc 沙尘暴天气toodamnhot 睛天pleasantlywarm 雨天scottishsummer 雷暴天气nightprowler 永远是黑夜cfvfgmj 大雾弥漫afzllqll 睛天icikpyh 睛天alnsfmzo 阴云密布auifrvqs 雨天交通工具（汽车，飞机etc.）相关秘籍秘籍 作用llqpfbn 所有车变粉红色iowdlac 所有车变黑色afsnmsmw 船可以飞bgkgtjh 路上跑的都是些废车gusnhde 路上的车都是些靓车ripazha 车子可以飞aiwprton 坦克cqzijmb 防撞车jqntdmh 吉普车pdnejoh 赛车vpjtqwv 赛车aqtbcodx 葬礼车krijebr 贵宾车ubhyzhq 垃圾车rzhsuew 高尔夫车cpktnwt 车辆爆炸xicwmd 车隐形monstermash 大脚车speedfreak 所有车辆得到加速剂ohdude 猎人直升机秘籍akjjyglc 摩托车amomhrer 拖粪车eegcyxt 推土机urkqsrk 飞机agbdlcid 越野型大脚车ifirstdoz 不会被通缉allcarsgoboom 所有汽车爆炸vrockpokey 赛车flyingfish 飞船wheelsonlyplease 车辆隐行truegrime 垃圾车celebritystatus 林肯加长车wheresthefuneral 葬礼车itsallbull 推土机flyingtostunt 飞机秘籍fourwheelfun 四轮摩托车ohdude 飞机秘籍everyoneispoor 路上全是慢车everyoneisrich 路上全是快车jumpjet 飞机秘籍kgggdkp 两栖气垫船fvtmnbz 交通工具变为乡村车辆bmtpwhr 乡村车辆，得到卡车装备辅助工具（武器=）秘籍秘籍 作用aiypwzqp 降落伞yecgaa 火箭助行器professionalskit 小刀，沙鹰，短管霰弹，tec9，m4，狙击枪，喷火器，手榴弹，灭火器bgluawml 行人用武器攻击你，有火箭弹lxgiwyl 指环，棍子，9mm手枪，霰弹枪，乌兹，ak47，来复枪，rpg，燃烧瓶，喷漆罐kjkszpj 全武器2，专业的工具uzumymw 疯狂武器hesoyam 恢复生命值， 防弹衣， $250000sjmahpe 9mm冲锋枪zsoxfsq 补充每一个(火箭筒)主角属性相关秘籍秘籍 作用cainemvhzc 无限生命，除了爆炸和跌死btcdbcb 变胖jysdsod 强壮值全满kvgyzqk 变瘦aezakmi 不会被通缉bekknqv 荡妇磁铁jhjoecw 超级兔子跳bagowpg 街上的人见了你都逃跑(你被悬赏)szcmawo 自杀osrblhh 增加两颗警星asnaeb 清除警星iavenjq 超级攻击aeduwnv 不会饿ogxsdag 最大威望ehibxqs 最大性感vkypqcf 车可以跳舞ncsgdag 武器熟练度全满buffmeup 最大肌肉值goodbyecruelworld 自杀helloladies 最大性感度testeducationalskills 没有被通缉bringiton 6星通缉worshipme 威望值最高naturaltalent 汽车，飞机，摩托，自行车驾驶技术全满stinglikeabee 主角及路人的拳头都力大无穷kangaroo 超级跳跃fullclip 无限弹药，不要装弹cjphonehome 跳得很高lfgmhal 超级跳跃baguvix 传说中的无敌秘籍cvwkxam 无限氧气ljspqk 六星通缉(最高等级)wanrltw 无限弹药，不用换弹夹其它秘籍秘籍 作用ylteicz 司机狂暴状态，会攻击人asbhgrb 行人变成猫王cikgcgx 海滩派对mroemzh 周围都是黑社会mroemzh 黑帮控制了道路afphultl 忍者主题jcnruad 可以撞爆所有的车coxefgu 所有车辆得到加速剂bsxsggc 车辆被撞击时会漂浮ysohnul 时间过的更快ppgwjht 加速游戏的节奏liyoaay 减慢游戏的节奏ajlojyqy 行人互相攻击，得到高尔夫球杆foooxft 行人全副武装pggomoy 完美操控zeiivg 绿灯iojufzn 街头骚乱priebj 玩趣屋主题munasef 刺激模式ouiqdmw 驾驶时用准星瞄准thgloj 让路上的车辆变得稀少，追起摩托手到擒来其它秘籍：秘籍 作用stateofemergency 暴动模式bubblecars 撞他们的车就飞了rocketman 火箭助行器crazytown 乐趣屋ghosttown 减少路上的车辆rocketmayhem 每个人都有火箭发射器professionalkiller 职业杀手ninjatown 忍者模式bifbuzz 黑帮控制街道onlyhomiesallowed 到处都是黑帮bluesuedeshoes 猫王sticklikeglue 完美操控slowitdown 游戏速度减慢speeditup 游戏速度加快

5. hl是什么船公司

给你最详细的

阵营篇：

　　LM 联盟

　　BL 部落

　　职业篇：

　　FS 法师

　　SS 术士

　　MS 牧师

　　ZS 战士

　　DZ 盗贼

　　LR 猎人

　　SM 萨满

　　XD 德鲁伊 （也有拼D或者DLY的，很少）

　　SQ/QS 圣骑/骑士 （也可以用74或者834表示）

　　由天赋不同隐身出来的缩写：

　　FZ 防战

　　AM 暗牧 （TBC前是矮牧的意思）

　　YD 野德

　　FQ 防骑

　　地名篇：

　　ZG 战歌（注意：容易与祖尔格拉布‘ZG’混淆。区分办法：ZG是20人副本而ZG是10人战场）

　　ALX 阿拉希盆地

　　JJC 竞技场

　　JJS 加基森

　　JJG 荆棘谷

　　日常用语篇：

　　YX 英雄 （偶尔缩写为Y）

　　PT 普通 （偶尔缩写为P）

　　副本篇：

　　-艾泽拉斯部分-

　　AH 哀号洞穴

　　XS 血色修道院

　　TD 剃刀高地 或者剃刀沼泽

　　ZR 祖尔法拉克

　　ADM 奥达曼

　　MLD 玛拉顿

　　SM 沉没的神庙

　　TL 通灵学院

　　HS 黑石塔上层

　　HX 黑石塔下层

　　SY 黑石深渊 ★

　　STSM 斯坦索姆

　　-外域部分-

　　CQ 地狱火城墙

　　RL 鲜血熔炉 -补充：XX也是此意

　　WL 奴隶围栏

　　ZZ 盘牙沼泽

　　DJ 蒸汽地窖 ★

　　DX 奥金尼地穴

　　MG 暗影迷宫

　　FL 法力坟墓

　　STK 赛泰克大厅

　　JY 法力监狱

　　（没见过生态船和能源舰的缩写）

　　KLZ 卡拉赞

　　GLR 格鲁尔的巢穴

　　任务篇：

　　9SR 救萨尔

　　18M 18摸

　　人物篇：

　　HL 黑龙 ★

　　YLD 伊利丹

　　HK 哈卡

　　JD 金度

6. hlcu是哪个船公司

1立方分米水=1公斤=1升=1千克 水，这个主要看密度。立方分米的介绍：立方分米，容量计量单位，符号为dm³。0.001 立方米(m³) 1 立方分米(dm³) 1000 立方厘米(cm³) 1000000 立方毫米(mm³) 1 升(l) 10 分升(dl) 1000 毫升(ml) 100 厘升(cl) 0.01 公石(hl) 0.0353147 立方英尺(cu ft) 61.0238445 立方英寸(cu in) 0.001308 立方码(cu yd) 8.1071e-7 亩英尺 0.2199692 英制加仑(uk gal) 0.2641721 美制加仑(us gal) 以水在标准条件下的密度计算1立方分米是1公斤的水。

7. hlbu是哪个船公司的集装箱

毛笔字是指按传统法度书写的字，而不是用毛笔随意写出的字。书法是线条造型艺术。所谓毛笔笔法讲的就是怎样创造理想线条的用笔方法。

毛笔字入门教程

执笔

“把笔无定法，要使虚而宽。”五指执笔法：即以拇指和食指的指肚捏住笔杆(适当高度)，保证笔杆不脱落；中指在食指下面搭在笔的外侧，既加强食指捏笔的力量，又发挥把笔往里钩的作用；无名指的甲肉之际抵在笔杆内侧，起着把笔往外推的作用；小指附在无名指的指肚下部，辅助无名指把笔往外推。

1、将手掌摊开后大拇指向上，然后让无名指和小指轻轻的向内弯曲，手指弯曲时要让手掌保持平稳。

2、将毛笔放在中指和无名指之间，然后中指和食指自然贴合毛笔，握笔的高度要距离笔根3-4cm。

3、将大拇指放在中指和食指之间，大拇指方向朝上方放置，小指要紧挨无名指，握笔时手心要留余地，初学者最开始握毛笔可能会有所不舒服，稍加练习就会适应了。

握笔时要如古人所说：“令掌虚如握卵”，这样便于运笔。学书要经常练习握笔、钩回、推出和旋转笔杆(加上腕的作用)练习画直线和弧线。执笔的高低和是否悬腕、悬肘，由所书字的大小来决定，小字低执，枕腕；大字高执，悬腕；再大则需悬肘。

磨墨

1、以清水逐渐加入

研墨需加清水，若水中混有杂质，则磨出来的墨就不纯了。至于加水，最先不宜过多，以免将墨浸软，或墨汁四溅，以逐渐加入为宜。

2、力匀而急缓适中

磨墨时用力过轻过重，太急太缓，墨汁皆必粗而不匀。用力过轻，速度太缓，浪费时间且墨浮;用力过重，速度过急，则墨粗而生沬，色亦无光。正确的方法应该是「指按推用力」，轻重有节，切莫太急。

3、随磨随用

用墨必需新磨，因墨汁若放置一日以上，胶与煤逐渐脱离，墨光既乏光彩，又不能持久，故以宿墨作书，极易褪色。而市面上所售的现成墨汁，有些胶重滞笔，有些则浓度太低，落纸极易化开，防腐剂又多，易损笔锋，不宜采用。

纸张

练习毛笔字没有薄纸临摹，可以用宣纸、毛边纸、报纸等，最好是用宣纸。

用宣纸题字作画，墨韵清晰，层次分明，骨气兼蓄，气势溢秀，浓而不浑，淡而不灰，其字其画，跃然纸上，神采飞扬，飞目生辉。

宣纸分为生宣、半熟宣、熟宣。生宣吸水性和沁水性都强，易产生丰富的墨韵变化，以之行泼墨法、积墨法，能收水晕墨、达到水走墨流之艺术效果。写意山水多用它。熟宣是加工时用明矾等涂过，故纸质较生宣为硬，吸水能力弱，使得使用时墨和色不会洇散开来。因此特性，使得熟宣宜于绘工笔画而非水墨写意画。半熟宣也是从生宣加工而成，吸水能力界乎前两者之间，适合写小楷。

笔法

毛笔书法是线条造型艺术。所谓笔法主要的就是怎样创造理想线条(点画)的用笔方法。中国书法主要都以线条表现，要使书法的线条点画富有变化，必先讲究执笔，在运笔时掌握轻重、快慢、偏正、曲直等方法，称为“笔法”。

提按

笔按下去写，笔划就粗，提起来就细。就像人走路的两只脚，一只落下，一只提起，不停地交替一样，笔在写字的过程中也在不停地提按。惟其如此，才能产生出粗细绝不相同的线条来。

笔画

每写一个笔画，都有入笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。入笔有“露锋”法，顺笔而入，使笔画开端呈尖形或方形；有“藏锋法”，逆锋入笔，横画欲右先左，竖画欲下先上，使笔锋藏在笔画中，笔画开端基本呈圆形。

行笔要学会“中锋用笔”，使锋尖常在点划中间运行。为使笔画有力度，还要学会涩势用笔，行中留，留中行，避免浮华。收笔有“露锋”（把笔逐渐提出纸面，画呈尖形，如悬针竖、撇、捺、钩），有“藏锋”（将笔尖收回画中，如垂露竖，笔画尾端呈圆形）。

结字

结字又叫结体或间架结构。启功先生曾指出，写毛笔字一要把握间架结构，二要练好笔画特点。间架结构比点画特点重要。间架好的字，笔画特点不突出，也还顺眼；反过来就不行了。因此，认真研究并把握好字的结体规律十分重要。所谓“初学分布，但求平正”。

入手

学写字应先从楷书或隶书入手。掌握各种笔法后再学其它书体就有了基础。临帖是练好字的必需手段。不临帖，全凭自己想法随意写，是上不了路子的。学写毛笔字一定要有恒心与毅力，要持之以恒，戒骄戒躁，不能一曝十寒。常说：“只要工夫深，铁杵磨成针”。

毛笔楷书入门教程

常言道，“学书先学楷，功到自然成”。通过楷书入门扎实基础，才能在学习行书时走起来，学习草书时跑起来而不飘忽。当然这是一个很漫长的过程，任何东西的学习都是由慢到快、由简到繁的过程。

孙过庭在《书谱》中说，“初学分布，当求平正，既只平正，务追险绝，既能险绝，复归平正。” 学习书法，就是学习书法中动静关系。可以说，选择楷书作为书法入，是实用和艺术并重的最佳选择。

毛笔的选择

写毛笔字也是一门艺术，毛笔字最重要的就是遇到合适的毛笔，这样用起来也是比较顺手的。毛笔有长的有短的，毛尖不一样，手感不一样写出来的字的感觉也是不一样的，选择合适的即可。

一支好的毛笔要具备“尖、齐、圆、健”四德。

尖：笔毫聚合时，笔锋要能收尖。

齐：将笔头沾水捏扁，笔端的毛整齐无不齐现象。

圆：笔肚周围，笔毫饱满圆润，呈圆锥状，不扁不瘦。

健：笔毛有弹性，笔毛铺开后易于收拢，笔力要健。

毛笔的种类很多，在初次学习时，希望你选用“兼毫”的湖笔。因为兼毫的湖笔，笔芯硬，易于掌握，对你以后的学习很重要。

毛笔的种类

①硬毫笔：笔性刚健，毛弹性较大，常见的有兔毫、狼毫、鼠须、石獾毫、山马毫、猪鬃等。

1、兔毫笔历史悠久，在长沙出土的战国笔就是用兔毫制成的。它是将笔干一头劈开数片，把笔头插入后再用丝线紧扎而成。兔毫又分紫毫和花白两种。紫毫是取兔子背脊（又称箭毫）和尾巴上的毫毛制成，质软而毫健。花白比较挺利，不如紫毫柔软。

2、狼毫笔这里的“狼”不是动物园里的那种狼，而是黄鼠狼。用黄鼠狼身上和尾巴上的毛制成的笔，弹性比兔毫笔稍软，比羊毫笔硬，只是质较脆，不耐摩擦。

3、鼠须笔是用老鼠的胡须做成，所以性能坚挺。相传东晋王羲之就是用鼠须笔写《兰亭序》的。

其他硬毫笔，如山马毫、石獾毫、猪鬃笔等，笔性特别坚硬，一般初学者尚未掌握运笔规律，不易选用。

②软毫笔：笔性柔软。软毫笔的弹性较小，较柔软。一般用羊毫、鸡毫、胎毫等软毫制成。

1、羊毫笔：羊毫笔是用山羊毫制成，其性能软于紫毫笔，由于羊毫较细、较长，适宜于写大楷及擘窠大字。

2、鸡毫笔：鸡毫笔是用雄鸡前胸之毛制成，其性能软于羊毫。

3、胎毫笔：胎毫是初生婴儿的头发，其性能极柔软。南朝萧子云就使用过胎毫笔，可见其历史之悠久。

③兼毫笔：笔性介于硬软毫之间。兼毫笔用硬毫、软毫集在一起，刚柔并济。

“兼毫”，顾名思义是兼而有之的意思。亦即以硬毫为核心、周边裹以软毫，笔性介于硬毫与软毫之间。一般将紫毫与羊毫按不同比例制成。比方“三紫七羊”、“七紫三羊”、和“五紫五羊”等。也有用羊毫与狼毫合二为一制成的兼毫笔，以尺寸的大小分“小白云”、“中白云”、“大白云”。也有在大羊毫斗笔中加入猪鬃，以加强其弹性。

在选择笔锋时，我们应该选择适当的长短，因为笔锋太长不易于掌握，但笔锋长可以含很多的墨水，适合写”草书“一气呵成”，笔锋长可以保证墨的够用，反之，笔锋短适合写楷书，易于掌握。 选笔时也要顾及临摹的碑帖。所谓“用某家所用的笔，又写他那一种字”。要判断所使用的是那一种笔，直接看他的字迹是最好的方法：风格健劲的，选用健毫;姿媚丰腴的，选用柔毫;刚柔难分的，则选用兼毫。笔的特性亦影响写出来的书法，如此才能臻乎书法之妙境。 还有一点是字体大小方面，写大字用大笔，写小字用小笔。小笔写大字易损笔且不能使转自如，大笔写小字则有点“杀鸡用牛刀了”。

楷体的选择

初学者可以选择欧体来进行练习，欧体可临摹书法名帖有《九成宫醴泉铭》、《化度寺碑》等各类贴，以及众多书法集字贴。供各位喜爱毛笔书法的朋友参考。

1、柳体。

柳体为唐楷中非常重要的一支，柳公权用其一生的心血，博采众长，广泛学习，吸取百家之长，形成别具一格的柳体字。结构紧凑，书法挺拔，正气凌然。对于初学者而言，选择从柳体入手，对运笔、审美、技法的提升，都非常明显。

2、颜体。

颜体与柳体同属于唐楷，为唐朝大书法家颜真卿书法真迹。颜体相比于柳体，显得饱满圆润，柳体则更加注重字体的骨感和力度。追求潇洒利索，可选择柳体；追求圆润丰满，则可选择颜体。

3、欧体。

欧阳询也是唐朝著名楷书大家，他所写书法字体，称为欧体。唐楷在中国书法文化史上的地位，几乎无可撼动。欧体体方圆兼施，以方为主，点画劲挺，笔力凝聚，也是楷书初学者不错的选择。

楷书基本笔画

一、点

头尖、尾圆、腹平、背圆。 写法：1、锋尖落纸（可先将笔舔尖，轻轻落笔）。2、向右下将笔毫向两边铺开，笔渐下渐重。3、到下半部，将笔锋稍提起，再放下向背部兜围扭动一下。4、轻快有力地从下腹出锋。

点的写法要求：顾盼生姿、向背分明。

二、横

头方（斜）尾圆，中段略细。 写法：1、笔锋先从右向左逆行。2、直（或稍斜）落笔。3、通过提按使笔锋回复中锋，沿着笔画中线向右运行，中段稍提笔。4、至结尾处笔锋稍提起，再向右下放下，像写点那样，兜围扭动一下，然后迅速有力地向左收锋。

注意：不能使劲顿笔，中段与两头也不能一样粗细，显得僵直。

三、竖

竖，起支柱作用，要求写得劲挺有力，像人胸腰挺起。基本形式有垂露竖和悬针竖两种。 垂露竖：写法：1、笔锋向上逆行。2、横（或稍斜）落笔，笔向右斜。3、笔锋轻轻向左右扭动一下，调整笔锋然后向下行笔。4、至尾部，略提锋，从左向上收锋。

悬针竖：写法与垂露竖的不同之处仅在于它在尾末要出锋。要点：像一枚针，写得粗壮，出锋不宜太长太细。

四、撇

尾部略肥和上扬，姿态舒展。 写法：1、向上逆锋而起。2、斜落笔。3、调整笔锋，让中锋缓缓行笔。4、至尾部，快而有力地出锋，使力送到撇尖。

短撇的写法：如“斤”“生”落笔后，稍作扭动，调整笔锋，快速撇出。

注意：忌“中途拔出”和“头重尾飘”，以女同志梳头的速度和力度书写撇较适宜。

汉字的笔画大多是向右向下的，右手写这些笔画都较顺手，唯独撇是向左伸展的，写起来较别扭。这是写字的重点。

五、捺

一波三折的姿态。一折：从头到颈部。二折：颈到捺脚。三折：捺脚到锋尖。一波：整笔有起有伏。像波浪。 写法：1、逆锋而起。2、轻轻向下落笔。3、略向左上起笔，至颈部，锋稍提使颈部略细。4、向右下渐渐将笔毫铺开，至捺脚处。5、轻向左推，调整笔锋，沉着痛快地扬出锋。

注意：1、捺画出线要直。2、捺脚要有力。3、笔不能向下拖。 捺和撇往往同时存在，连在一起练习为好，如“大”“来”。

六、钩

钩是其他笔画的附着物。 “竖左钩”做到平、锐、满。即竖要平，锋要锐，钩要饱满。 写好一竖将要钩出时，先将笔锋往上提，使笔毫收聚，放下，然后用力向左平推出来。

七、挑

像反向的短撇。 写法：1、逆锋而起。2、斜落笔。3、稍作扭动，调整笔锋。4、快而有力地向右上方挑出，送到笔画的尖端。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔字是指按传统法度书写的字，而不是用毛笔随意写出的字。书法是线条造型艺术。所谓毛笔笔法讲的就是怎样创造理想线条的用笔方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5JUzO3AWAgv56aIawtVgJf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔字入门教程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn742QIVCSEbgG8n3mRErbBg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXWe7LkWsoEfDn7OMApvqGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“把笔无定法，要使虚而宽。”五指执笔法：即以拇指和食指的指肚捏住笔杆(适当高度)，保证笔杆不脱落；中指在食指下面搭在笔的外侧，既加强食指捏笔的力量，又发挥把笔往里钩的作用；无名指的甲肉之际抵在笔杆内侧，起着把笔往外推的作用；小指附在无名指的指肚下部，辅助无名指把笔往外推。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnakuNCQCVgBdROnRgpkahYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、将手掌摊开后大拇指向上，然后让无名指和小指轻轻的向内弯曲，手指弯曲时要让手掌保持平稳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9ybI9NrxGI6W7eIKmMQCJh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/befa545e35f144cb8b81db37dd26cc42","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnUZXxxPzMOlb5HPqjcJXmpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、将毛笔放在中指和无名指之间，然后中指和食指自然贴合毛笔，握笔的高度要距离笔根3-4cm。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAKtzfwu29KBun4gRV5mPpD"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/86b09b77f1fa45a38f3e3973d947208d","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnusm1ukRhLCPTkvGqaF0ncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、将大拇指放在中指和食指之间，大拇指方向朝上方放置，小指要紧挨无名指，握笔时手心要留余地，初学者最开始握毛笔可能会有所不舒服，稍加练习就会适应了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVzsmeYmb5AKk6mNF5nQ2fb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0877820102d74f1cb053caa78fe75331","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnVPyKkEeKoeq3DjaNjb1mHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔时要如古人所说：“令掌虚如握卵”，这样便于运笔。学书要经常练习握笔、钩回、推出和旋转笔杆(加上腕的作用)练习画直线和弧线。执笔的高低和是否悬腕、悬肘，由所书字的大小来决定，小字低执，枕腕；大字高执，悬腕；再大则需悬肘。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoOoKidkInVXKaWXHu93Zwc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"执笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b050f8bb6e864f23a49ec87220c6ad2f","width":450},"text":"","id":"doxcnrgoCqwg2jilOJF66wiCrrG"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"磨墨","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhyawZFdshTaLao86nvFFBd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、以清水逐渐加入","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTWMSaRL170H2FtfKBcyE8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"研墨需加清水，若水中混有杂质，则磨出来的墨就不纯了。至于加水，最先不宜过多，以免将墨浸软，或墨汁四溅，以逐渐加入为宜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGujsTS5MnXDQKcQ0fwwqkT"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":305,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"1、以清水逐渐加入","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/50151b758b344f5293f9246eaf1f840d","width":580},"text":"","id":"doxcnbaIoq7GB0puhZkBq0dCK4d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、力匀而急缓适中","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnX8H4Ak8lhr11fnR7NVZRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"磨墨时用力过轻过重，太急太缓，墨汁皆必粗而不匀。用力过轻，速度太缓，浪费时间且墨浮;用力过重，速度过急，则墨粗而生沬，色亦无光。正确的方法应该是「指按推用力」，轻重有节，切莫太急。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnH0VugBpmnsjCzBOukdQ2jd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":225,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"2、力匀而急缓适中","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5f32fc836e7649d9a7e7b5bea2bda527","width":400},"text":"","id":"doxcns67Dcx686BOupv1g0JgSSe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"3","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、随磨随用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIWYZkUNXUgGC6vbo1oEpFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用墨必需新磨，因墨汁若放置一日以上，胶与煤逐渐脱离，墨光既乏光彩，又不能持久，故以宿墨作书，极易褪色。而市面上所售的现成墨汁，有些胶重滞笔，有些则浓度太低，落纸极易化开，防腐剂又多，易损笔锋，不宜采用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn56wiDP9W0JAmi8HYrDgwxc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":502,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"3","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、随磨随用","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6b7a7fa807724707b720d973bd90bd88","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcn0O5vY37O7iuuZ8fiGkON4e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸张","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneahoKiaHwYTgNX0Fdsumah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习毛笔字没有薄纸临摹，可以用宣纸、毛边纸、报纸等，最好是用宣纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhxJoqJjYE6EGXClvhdEkIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用宣纸题字作画，墨韵清晰，层次分明，骨气兼蓄，气势溢秀，浓而不浑，淡而不灰，其字其画，跃然纸上，神采飞扬，飞目生辉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoOiIoGtNOhMYzRKSRejX6d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":267,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"纸张","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2131e7b8ff8549f4a90f9983e55e46f3","width":467},"text":"","id":"doxcnyvr67I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学习书法，就是学习书法中动静关系。可以说，选择楷书作为书法入，是实用和艺术并重的最佳选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZxnOT4DqBLdfkKpL8hiJ4f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNgXcqx83yrmnLxTSyDj1Pe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"写毛笔字也是一门艺术，毛笔字最重要的就是遇到合适的毛笔，这样用起来也是比较顺手的。毛笔有长的有短的，毛尖不一样，手感不一样写出来的字的感觉也是不一样的，选择合适的即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPI473izeNmpriSGRmsOWxe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":576,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的选择","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f2781582d729408ea9c497bd1c7494e8","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcn9Q7yi2Zi1VXsTQ8lu8IZi0"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"支","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"好的毛笔要具备“尖、齐、圆、健”四德。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYISCtlEA9XSmUEuEV9uKee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"尖：笔毫聚合时，笔锋要能收尖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfALC3qlBKwZ9HonalPUAfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"齐：将笔头沾水捏扁，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"笔端","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的毛整齐无不齐现象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4u8iUPlQdFF8yjiqayFzJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"圆：笔肚周围，笔毫饱满圆润，呈圆锥状，不扁不瘦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxuqguujexwoiOIB360S3Vf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"健：笔毛有弹性，笔毛铺开后易于收拢，笔力要健。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8ZO1bjOF58087NHUt1UWxb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类很多，在初次学习时，希望你选用“兼毫”的湖笔。因为兼毫的湖笔，笔芯硬，易于掌握，对你以后的学习很重要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn95rGSeE17KLrOPaw8KdQof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqPR4G6OwmGp1uTcBMH22Oc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①硬毫笔：笔性刚健，毛弹性较大，常见的有兔毫、狼毫、鼠须、石獾毫、山马毫、猪鬃等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5smnNMDKbuWYp9wYTWIPCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、兔毫笔历史悠久，在长沙出土的战国笔就是用兔毫制成的。它是将笔干一头劈开数片，把笔头插入后再用丝线紧扎而成。兔毫又分紫毫和花白两种。紫毫是取兔子背脊（又称箭毫）和尾巴上的毫毛制成，质软而毫健。花白比较挺利，不如紫毫柔软。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnzROTpX0kgTcMH6mNzuzOf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":458,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/11c63bc3b3154df08d99a1188b5780d2","width":750},"text":"","id":"doxcnqryAL7ezrjuruBxiavdQvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、狼毫笔这里的“狼”不是动物园里的那种狼，而是黄鼠狼。用黄鼠狼身上和尾巴上的毛制成的笔，弹性比兔毫笔稍软，比羊毫笔硬，只是质较脆，不耐摩擦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUOgqPfoxvu8WjaWsqPbDWc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f09ee2547d284ee4846304b273948b0f","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn1g3sVJVyT72OMmZxHsxOLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、鼠须笔是用老鼠的胡须做成，所以性能坚挺。相传东晋王羲之就是用鼠须笔写《兰亭序》的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkTZQofo3EXeOV25bAtFYQg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/baae379a883f4faf8e89f1e34f7c7840","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn9aooHGTXUvUZ4qyg6pr2Bd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其他硬毫笔，如山马毫、石獾毫、猪鬃笔等，笔性特别坚硬，一般初学者尚未掌握运笔规律，不易选用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneVbzPG9W3iBqK5hl4Xd3We"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②软毫笔：笔性柔软。软毫笔的弹性较小，较柔软。一般用羊毫、鸡毫、胎毫等软毫制成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndNc7MJ8gn4AnYt9Xu3JlrT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、羊毫笔：羊毫笔是用山羊毫制成，其性能软于紫毫笔，由于羊毫较细、较长，适宜于写大楷及擘窠大字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuWLP9wBkUdjjQhtTslG1zc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1758fef3e9584b42994f1196ffe4e1f7","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcn74WVZGp5fvHFMLvGF4uB6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、鸡毫笔：鸡毫笔是用雄鸡前胸之毛制成，其性能软于羊毫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncnrbCAXbVmERodmjCgIFzf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ac25accc98794756a7a123fb0d454cb9","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcndJ4GXM92Xb7LvNdvxj5q5t"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、胎毫笔：胎毫是初生婴儿的头发，其性能极柔软。南朝","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"萧子云","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"就使用过胎毫笔，可见其历史之悠久。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKn44Uo3XGTN4DWYTe2EZ9b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6d3ff2cf2ccd4832af63a3b79d414c79","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcncw7bXSJk6VPixt7CaW9Xkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③兼毫笔：笔性介于硬软毫之间。兼毫笔用硬毫、软毫集在一起，刚柔并济。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn78rdo5PU1egndjc5rTk7td"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“兼毫”，顾名思义是兼而有之的意思。亦即以硬毫为核心、周边裹以软毫，笔性介于硬毫与软毫之间。一般将紫毫与羊毫按不同比例制成。比方“三紫七羊”、“七紫三羊”、和“五紫五羊”等。也有用羊毫与狼毫合二为一制成的兼毫笔，以尺寸的大小分“小白云”、“中白云”、“大白云”。也有在大羊毫斗笔中加入猪鬃，以加强其弹性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjYZmUCiA7hMuvSMIBYkbBg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7f40adef05a942dc94a06cc86da6fe73","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnUVtvBgBxiJnjhSELGFlyIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在选择笔锋时，我们应该选择适当的长短，因为笔锋太长不易于掌握，但笔锋长可以含很多的墨水，适合写”草书“一气呵成”，笔锋长可以保证墨的够用，反之，笔锋短适合写楷书，易于掌握。\\n选笔时也要顾及临摹的碑帖。所谓“用某家所用的笔，又写他那一种字”。要判断所使用的是那一种笔，直接看他的字迹是最好的方法：风格健劲的，选用健毫;姿媚丰腴的，选用柔毫;刚柔难分的，则选用兼毫。笔的特性亦影响写出来的书法，如此才能臻乎书法之妙境。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"还有一点是字体大小方面，写大字用大笔，写小字用小笔。小笔写大字易损笔且不能使转自如，大笔写小字则有点“杀鸡用牛刀了”。","id":""}],"text":"","id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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVg5oJvuWFhXpTHRHo1qPFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"柳体为唐楷中非常重要的一支，柳公权用其一生的心血，博采众长，广泛学习，吸取百家之长，形成别具一格的柳体字。结构紧凑，书法挺拔，正气凌然。对于初学者而言，选择从柳体入手，对运笔、审美、技法的提升，都非常明显。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8JXKeHmiJyjT1m61eqtT6b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":254,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"楷体的选择","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4f567bfedd644e82af8686d2599c93a5","width":617},"text":"","id":"doxcn7nI9Kn1mEeG718zT7RgzEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、颜体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4kBcm34jawb2nQ9OxfxLpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"颜体与柳体同属于唐楷，为唐朝大书法家颜真卿书法真迹。颜体相比于柳体，显得饱满圆润，柳体则更加注重字体的骨感和力度。追求潇洒利索，可选择柳体；追求圆润丰满，则可选择颜体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7RaMba2tlJFM29xAUyLv7d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":467,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"楷体的选择","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/45b3406663af41c8b05934e7794f9128","width":749},"text":"","id":"doxcnjeDMerBlAdn1PES9qJIMdh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、欧体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxta6D42eL7HCaVD8zxaW0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"欧阳询也是唐朝著名楷书大家，他所写书法字体，称为欧体。唐楷在中国书法文化史上的地位，几乎无可撼动。欧体体方圆兼施，以方为主，点画劲挺，笔力凝聚，也是楷书初学者不错的选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4oP7NpNMwdJ9CoPfLlQmTb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":364,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"楷体的选择","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9ea09b45c17d45369272cadb7e64a734","width":554},"text":"","id":"doxcnWqDdkRJPLXNG4OFmc3zyph"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书基本笔画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnn33HXdEJ6ZwSvYhU2ed91e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBUWbCYy0GaK7KnX6t7rlDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"头尖、尾圆、腹平、背圆。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写法：1、锋尖落纸（可先将笔舔尖，轻轻落笔）。2、向右下将笔毫向两边铺开，笔渐下渐重。3、到下半部，将笔锋稍提起，再放下向背部兜围扭动一下。4、轻快有力地从下腹出锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncngnlJxsFa2o03hbqp6rOe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一、点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c902311756c34b349073a0518a66fee1","width":900},"text":"","id":"doxcnONP8m2Vq8Oh0sUfpkQaVab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点的写法要求：顾盼生姿、向背分明。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTZJlWqvko3MEXoBE3KPkJc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、横","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGqPo1vbMltDwPhAlqoZf7n"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"头方（斜）尾圆，中段略细。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写法：1、笔锋先从右向左逆行。2、直（或稍斜）落笔。3、通过提按使笔锋回复中锋，沿着笔画中线向右运行，中段稍提笔。4、至结尾处笔锋稍提起，再向右下放下，像写点那样，兜围扭动一下，然后迅速有力地向左收锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneeX1IJDUjzARH4q1fk7kPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：不能使劲顿笔，中段与两头也不能一样粗细，显得僵直。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnslEMzb5aqUFWQytHVswu9d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":774,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二、横","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/704fbe7db0424ea6bbcce59ed1862719","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcnVuuqvBj11AZEqwpbRgZ3Sh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、竖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbVtybQAAD1LEMqJgAD5ild"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"竖，起支柱作用，要求写得劲挺有力，像人胸腰挺起。基本形式有垂露竖和悬针竖两种。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"垂露竖：写法：1、笔锋向上逆行。2、横（或稍斜）落笔，笔向右斜。3、笔锋轻轻向左右扭动一下，调整笔锋然后向下行笔。4、至尾部，略提锋，从左向上收锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnnxTVSqxNPeJnzB99H1tHKh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":676,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三、竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ffade7b1612421dbad78118b896b2eb","width":884},"text":"","id":"doxcnnlerDTqHN8QUhHIDa6eRxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"悬针竖：写法与垂露竖的不同之处仅在于它在尾末要出锋。要点：像一枚针，写得粗壮，出锋不宜太长太细。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn45irM2eVwPgck1XwoWinvf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":364,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三、竖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ef4f650e6f344ec0a509c16c4d5ffb34","width":522},"text":"","id":"doxcn1WneovME0GFq0dJjdl6xSh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk0MjEcs75jqPVfMTsl0j6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"尾部略肥和上扬，姿态舒展。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写法：1、向上逆锋而起。2、斜落笔。3、调整笔锋，让中锋缓缓行笔。4、至尾部，快而有力地出锋，使力送到撇尖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKHLBeQHqoW5lFSymF3guPf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":734,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四、撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c34f50847845490091494e17d2c30cb3","width":998},"text":"","id":"doxcnzBoySvGBNlnLhss24ggyIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"短撇的写法：如“斤”“生”落笔后，稍作扭动，调整笔锋，快速撇出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIvchwZD2yyjF8biIL11Hwg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"四、撇","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d41171d56c5349abb6cd55acefe9af2c","width":368},"text":"","id":"doxcn9P4drfUfFgnC4NUa2tNfNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：忌“中途拔出”和“头重尾飘”，以女同志梳头的速度和力度书写撇较适宜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlMnbEcL0HSxf8H40RBzKFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的笔画大多是向右向下的，右手写这些笔画都较顺手，唯独撇是向左伸展的，写起来较别扭。这是写字的重点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJ7bNPotGn4xYX87Uuwaoze"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnn37Qwryis2MqX2PFUPcZ9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一波三折的姿态。一折：从头到颈部。二折：颈到捺脚。三折：捺脚到锋尖。一波：整笔有起有伏。像波浪。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写法：1、逆锋而起。2、轻轻向下落笔。3、略向左上起笔，至颈部，锋稍提使颈部略细。4、向右下渐渐将笔毫铺开，至捺脚处。5、轻向左推，调整笔锋，沉着痛快地扬出锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS6AJbZCTWP8TbC8iKHPxhT"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"五、捺","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/27c6ab71f4ae4680922487870efb841f","width":368},"text":"","id":"doxcnhr7PeQvNNe9igtuYUBovlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意：1、捺画出线要直。2、捺脚要有力。3、笔不能向下拖。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"捺和撇往往同时存在，连在一起练习为好，如“大”“来”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuPAqtqfg8tSzUe9e95nu5o"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、钩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQfnQDlnbVU4Eu3rP7FCDuz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钩是其他笔画的附着物。\\n“竖左钩”做到平、锐、满。即竖要平，锋要锐，钩要饱满。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写好一竖将要钩出时，先将笔锋往上提，使笔毫收聚，放下，然后用力向左平推出来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW1prVVEYvZhAtOOOyiNh3e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":680,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"六、钩","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a35004b2a33e4a988627f770e8085777","width":792},"text":"","id":"doxcnHzXErHRQierv5MlWSPo7Gg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"七、挑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMNtx304ST4tSLgb27jTrTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"像反向的短撇。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"写法：1、逆锋而起。2、斜落笔。3、稍作扭动，调整笔锋。4、快而有力地向右上方挑出，送到笔画的尖端。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMBpBts0Qt63ZtKAUKALSGg"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

8. hyundai是哪个船公司

艨艟 古代战船 也称艨冲 （现代汉语词典解释） 古代战船有楼船、艨艟、斗舰等几种 艨艟是一种易于强袭的战船，速度快，船首尾都载有摧毁性武器，易于近战直接撞坏敌军战船。远战的话，一般战船也伤不到它。整艘艨艟巨大宏伟，像城池，而只有一入口，易守难攻。 一般形容强大的巨舰 或者比喻很巨大宏伟的建筑或者工程

9. hlxu是哪个船公司

大部分人认为学画画，认为需要学3-5年，但其实不是这样的。

新手入门画画只需要从简单的线条开始练习，感受光影，逐步进行形状与体积的练习，便可掌握画画的基础。

下面让我们一起来学习吧！

如何准备工具

方法一：

纸笔

推荐使用铅笔、自动铅笔。

常用品牌：樱花牌、斑马牌。常见规格：0.5mm，0.8mm。

笔芯：辉柏嘉、樱花牌

橡皮：辉柏嘉、樱花。推荐用可塑橡皮，手感很好。

纸：用A4纸即可，推荐80g的，比市面上常见的70g的手感更好。

方法二：

数位板+台式机

1、数位板推荐型号：wocam672，wocam 4100

压感：数位板的压感是敏感度，压感越大，敏感度越好。压感2048可以满足入门级要求、4096可以满足职业级要求。

2、防摔绳，建议配套防摔绳，这样可以让你的笔头不容易摔坏。

3、台式机&笔记本：32位的内存，intel i5以上的配套即可满足需求。

方法三：

iPad pro

1、IPad pro有优秀的便捷性，可以替代笔记本电脑。10.5英寸即可满足需求。

ipad+ipencle，可以直接用户绘画；ipad+数位板，ipad当做显示屏，数位板可以当做绘制工具；ipad+mac，可以把ipad当手绘板使用，mac作为显示屏

如何画好线条

画好线条，是画画的前提。初学者觉得线条难画，是由于刚接触绘画，熟练度不够，画不好是很正常的。随着这量和时间的积累会慢慢变得熟练。我们接下来来学习线条的概念和功能。

可参考视频：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1KL4y1W726/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

第一步：

学会画素线

素线，就是没有变化，干净清晰的单线。素线的绘画，在所有绘画场景应用中都是最基础的一环。绘画好了素线，才能让观众看清楚画的是什么。

步骤1

学会定点连线

画线，本质上是对两个点的链接。因此，我们需要首先确定两个点在哪里。

现拿点 a 到点 b 举例，如果先预判的点 a 与点 b 知道他们的位置，那么就能很清晰的连接点 a 与点 b。如果确定点 a但不太确定点 b， 那么就会变成第二条线，杂乱无章。 如果既无法确定点 a， 又无法确定点 b，就会变成第三条线。这两条线都不够清晰。

因此，需要学会预判画作，确定点位安排。

拓展一下，画一个形状，就是从点 a 到点 abcd， 最终到一幅画的定点连线。所以想画好线条，乃至于想画好一幅画，都要先进行预判，确定画面中所有点的关系。

步骤2

用石膏进行练习

初学者要先从石膏几何体学起，因为他点位明确，结构简单，这种练习需要练习六十小时左右，基本上就可以掌握。

步骤3

长线条的绘制

长线条的绘画建议使用接线练习法。接线的是指先打好草稿，然后再一小笔接小一笔地去绘制短线段，最后拼出一条长线条，这个技巧要注意的是上笔的尾线要有笔锋，这样接线时不容留出破绽。

小贴士：

其他练习方法

三笔定型法：在初学阶段有很多人会有蹭线的习惯，三笔定型法就是强迫自己先看到点位，再去作画，一笔试错两笔纠正，三笔确定超过三笔，就需要提醒一下自己自己是否进入了无脑般的机械作画状态。

画螺旋以、定点连线、画气字。这些练习非常适合在正式开画前或者自己平时无聊时。 练习三到五分钟，久而久之，就会提升手眼协调能力，以及手部的灵活度。

第二步：

学会画线条的强调性

线条具有强调总结的作用。在同样一组线条中加强某一段了，就会让你注意到它。

方法1：

从外至内线分层法

步骤1，以这个人物举例，在素线的基础上先去强调外轮廓。

步骤2，加强外轮廓之后，你会发现手部埋没在了细节里，无法一眼分辨，那么就需要加强手臂轮廓，让他在重度的线条中跳出称为比外轮廓线细比竖线粗的二级线。

步骤3，按照这个逻辑顺序，接着往下做图。 从外到内，手臂的装饰肯定没有外轮廓和手臂重要，所以接着降级为三级线，直到最后剩下素线。绘画完成。

方法2：

线条的视觉引导

加粗的线条，会引导观众的目光，让他们去关注你想让他们关注的地方。

以画一个人为例，你的主视觉停留是在头手脚上，其次是关节，至于直来直去的手臂与腿部都是一晃而过，不会过多关注。所以我们的线条也应该多在这些视觉停留的点多做文章。首先肯定是将外轮廓加重，同时也加重转折处于关节处以及头手脚，以达到强调和视觉停留的目的。

方法3：

学会用线条提现光影

光的强弱与力量感，也可以通过线条的粗细来表现，比如在光强的地方和有张力的事物上，把线条画得细。一些受重力垂坠影响的物体，承受重力的位置笔触重一些。绘画时将他们组合运用，会让线条显得高级。

拿人物举例，在素线的基础上，去观察人体。由于上眼皮、鼻翼、唇线、下巴都有投影，需要加重一下，从而体现观感。另外脸部一些转折是骨头，比较重要，也需要加重强调一下。这样效果就会比素线稿好很多。

拿肌肉来举例，把膨胀的肌肉中间处，画得薄一点来体现肌肉张力。这是美漫经常使用的方法

第三步：开始正式绘画

步骤1：绘制线稿

这一步可以随意一些，大致画出你想要的形状。

步骤2：绘制精草

用三笔定型法去绘制精草。这一步要注意不要出现粗细等长的蹭线，不然等到绘画成稿时，无法确定哪一根是正确线条。动笔之前先动了三思而后行。草稿阶段要绘制完所有的正确线，才能算绘制完毕。

步骤3：丰富线的内容

确定了线的级别。首先加重了外轮廓、接着去加粗转折部分，比如裤脚的位置。再去加粗一下投影的区域，体现一下光感。画到这里，你的线稿基本就算合格了。

练习：线条临摹练习

平时适合临摹学习的画师，推荐爱德华吉顿、鸟山明以、金政基这三位前辈的线稿，基本上是万能线。建议临摹一百张以上。

如何画形状

第一步：认识形

简单地说，画形状是将三维世界通过我们人眼转化为二维画面写在纸上。绘画就是画形状。画面中的形并不只有我们所谓的客观物品，而是二维化的形状拼接。

视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1G5411n7dM/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

第二步：确定形

方法一：阴阳型

这个是一个万金油工具。我们可以把任何一个画面拆分为阴形，阳形，用这两个形状，来互相辩证画面是否正确。

方法二：九宫格起型法

将一幅画打上格子，在另外一个同样格子的图纸中，按照坐标一格一格的画，就可以把一幅画临摹出来。

第三步：画准形

步骤1：用阴阳型画法。画出线条，区分出画面整体的阴形和阳形。

步骤2：继续用阴阳型画法，用先大后小的原则，将大块的形状划分出来。

步骤3：用九宫格画法，开始绘制细节。找到鼻子、嘴角、眼角这些转折，画上定型点位。 画完转折点后，整幅画对比一下，调节一下相对位置，就得了准确的形状。

步骤4：把转折点连接成素线。

步骤5：补充上阴形的颜色填充，绘画完毕。

如何画体积

视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

在二维平面画出三维感的方法，称之为透视。严格来说，透视可以归类为数学。

常见的绘画中，会通过物品遮挡来表达体积感。

另外，近大远小也是常见的透视方法。

其次是，近实远虚。

最后，是近疏远密，如图。

第一步：学习什么是视平线

要进行绘画，首先我们要知道什么是视中线，视平线和地平线。

视平线，就是我们眼睛正视前方的水平线。

当视中线、和视频线重合时与我们的眼睛保持水平中立，这种情况叫做平视。

当我们向下看时，视线脱离视平线向下，这就是俯视。从眼睛处延伸一条直射于眼睛正在看到的场景。这条线我们称之为是视中线。

当我们向上看时，也就是视中线会跟着眼睛一起水平向上脱离视平线，这就是仰视、

视中线，是我们的目之所及，会跟着我们的眼睛变化而变化。视平线始终水平，位于眼部位置，它是界定仰视与俯视的一把水平。总的来说，视平线会将画面切割，视平线上便是是仰视。视平线下方便是俯视。

第二步：学会绘制一点透视

一点透视，又称平行透视。一点透视只能画出正面朝向你的一面，它是与你的视线平行的。

步骤1：画出视平线

我们要首先画出视频线，因为我们要确定一个方形平视还是仰视或是俯视，都需要我们的视频线作为标识。

步骤2：画出正面的形状

正面是不会产生形变的，因为它是正面对着你、如果你看到是一个方，那么它就是一个方。

步骤3：找到消失点

这个集中消失的点，我们叫它消失点，就像刚才演示一样，当你看到一个大正面对其他面都是慢慢消失一点

步骤4：连接点与消失点

连接消失点，画出物品的厚度

常用工具1：X工具

X工具的用途是用来找到方形的中点。如图我们看到方形a， 现在我们来看到对角线得到中心点b。 这样同理可用无限循环，找到每一个方形的中点。

在平面中相等，那么在透视中一样相等。因此我们在一个斜着的方形中画对角线，也可以找到在透视中的方形的中点。

常用工具2：N工具

如果我们想在透视中画出间隔相等的物体，那么就需要这个N工具。

步骤1：首先我们确定我们想要的间距，画出垂线，这就是距离最近方形的第一条边。

步骤2：先用X工具，连接原有方形的对角线，这样就找到这个方形的中点。

步骤3：从方形的中点，画出一条与透视线平行的线，与方形的边相交得到了点A。

步骤4：然后我们再从方形的端点B，延伸到点A，相较于透视线，得到了点C。

步骤5：从点C出发。画一条与透视线垂直的线，我们就画出来了两个完全相同的方形。重复如此，可以得到多个相同的等距方形。

在平面中可以这么复制，在透视中也同理。 因为连接点很像是字母N，所以称之为N工具。

小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范

我们来尝试画一个有许多柱子和吊灯的走廊。

步骤1：我们首先利用N工具来画柱子。确定了柱子之间的间距相同，可以画出多个柱子。

步骤2：然后用X工具来画等。确定每一点灯都在格子中间部位。

步骤3：接下来添加一些细节，就完成绘画了。

常用工具3：对角线消失点

我们在绘画固定大小的方格时，使用这个方法。

步骤1：确定视平线，与视平线上的消失点A。

步骤2：接着按照一点透视，连接消失点与方形的端点，确定方格大小。

步骤3：从方形画出对角线，延伸至视平线交叉，得到了对角线消失点B。

步骤4：从方形边角连接点 b ，得到了交叉点 c 和 d 。

步骤5：从消失点连接点d，且贯穿。从点 c 出发，横向平行画出平线线。我们就得到了在透视中完全相同的四个方形。

步骤6：重复这个步骤，我们就会得到无数个相同方形。

步骤7：间隔填上颜色，就画出了一个铺好的地板，我们可以把它翻转得到天花板。

第二步：两点透视

两点透视，特点就是我们人的视线不再和物体平行，而是物体总有一个转折角对着我们。

视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

步骤1：还是先画出视平线。确定消失点H和L。

步骤2：画出一条垂直线。从这条线的两个端点出发，向两个消失点连线，我们就得到了方程的两个侧面

步骤3：找到顶点R和K，与消失点点连接支线。R连接H，K连接L。 这样我们就得到一个完整的两点透视方形。

步骤4：其他角度均是如此。记住，所有的消失点都消失于 hl 两个消失点。

第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现

我们画画时，大部分不可能那么巧都是纯粹的两点透视、一点透视，大部分情况都会同时出现。一点透视和两点透视，一般都是共同同一条视平线。接下来我们来学习怎么画出两种透视同时存在的情况。

步骤1：画出视平线，确定多个消失点。一个画面可以有多个消失点，但是切记视平线要始终保持不变，且只有一条。

步骤2：按照上述教过的方法，画出多个不同的物体。

两点透视中的X工具

1、画出视平线

2、X工具却确定中点

3、连接中点与消失点，就可以平分长方体

两点透视中的对角线消失工具，与一点透视同理

示范练

第四步：三点透视

三个测试是应用在极仰和极的视角中。即是否有明显的抬头，或者低头的画面中。

三点透视，有三个消失点，会形成一个三角形。正三角形是仰视，倒三角形是俯视。

三点透视的特点

一点透视、两点透视的纵轴是垂直的，只有横轴在变化。三点和两点一点的区别在于，三点的纵轴垂直线不再是平行，而是相交于一点，形成了三个消失点。

N、X、对角线三工具还是同理、区别在于也是不再具有纵轴垂直线，而是全部相交于纵轴的消失点。

第五步，正式开始作画

步骤1：画出视平线

步骤2：应用对角线消失点画出地板

步骤3：画出人体脚底板的位置，按照透视来确定脚的位置，可以避免人物浮空或者空间错位

步骤4：接着画人体。把人体当做好几个几何体的组成，用N工具来确定人体大比例

步骤5：人体细节完善，画出线条、衣物、头发、包等。

步骤6：同理画出其他物品，如小轿车。

练习：简单几何体练习

熟悉透视之后，需要进行几何体多角度翻滚练习。

建议每天画一百个左右，坚持两周即可。如果你时间不对，也可以每天画10~20个，需要坚持2-3个月左右。

方形翻滚作画示例

十字方翻滚多角度作画示例

方和圆组合翻滚多角度示例

方和圆翻滚

练习：物体/物体几何练习

接下来我们把难度升级，物体组合练习。我们要将物体转换成几何体，接着再练习方形的翻滚一样，让我们的物体翻滚起来，练习多角度绘画强迫自己在脑中建立三 d 模型的感觉，去考虑同一物体不同角度的形状特点和体积变化。这样的组合练习也需要1~2个月左右（每天如果只有1-2小时，需要练习3~4个月的时间）。

推荐图书

视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aZ4y1k7ze/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

1、《像艺术家一样思考》

2、《透视画法入门》，建议整本通读，每篇都进行临摹

3、《贝蒂的色彩》

4、《FIGURE DRAWING》

5、《动态素描·人体结构》。通篇阅读，整本临摹。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CuIadOq46oeOswxayo7cKSUUn9f"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"大部分人认为学画画，认为需要学3-5年，但其实不是这样的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqhtwRKPfJbeqLc6Vcw3dBc"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"新手入门画画只需要从简单的线条开始练习，感受光影，逐步进行形状与体积的练习，便可掌握画画的基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2p4eK7DQc5WTJZmg40fB4e"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面让我们一起来学习吧！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqCAjosaqrs69QYog88Y8Td"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDX4wMoe1Yi6D6ttkJQlkrh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何准备工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWMOxKHqBaxC6ecgmCCiWYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntgCdwVm8ke5FPkoStp2glc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"纸笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnd9gTOkfB9uF9jtVG9orIyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐使用铅笔、自动铅笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJPmVfWydzgjrcqdKJLQHQ9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用品牌：樱花牌、斑马牌。常见规格：0.5mm，0.8","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"mm","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhJlo1CwjMcrSW9APzWXIj5"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":618,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3a22c3c8b19f40ea861909355be7530f","width":1780},"text":"","id":"doxcnERzNY5StM814GCj32d2Mze"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":610,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/73e99e0c0b7c47a9a2f50b67b70b2434","width":1658},"text":"","id":"doxcn8YmXouC54AokD30YNgkojh"}],"text":"","id":"doxcn02rNudrvvbB34maqtqMhIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔芯：辉柏嘉、樱花牌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn02rNudrvvbB34maqtqMhIc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":846,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0e9faec6c6644abb94d20923311d65ee","width":1018},"text":"","id":"doxcnUeP1t9ygiDhUFx4XWKscbc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":670,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法一：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8eee75e52c114193b8fc7fa44a78a623","width":784},"text":"","id":"doxcnLqHvVHqVUJZywkzAbu2mVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"橡皮：辉柏嘉、樱花。推荐用可塑橡皮，手感很好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2QQrlze2j5nw0nbk8OR73d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸：用A4纸即可，推荐80g的，比市面上常见的70g的手感更好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIEAxjjZQHxKODZHtjAHzeb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法二：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYNGOzZv0BXraqbIRurwwl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"数位板+台式机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhr2FFGhWbt8f9PCruVRkxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、数位板推荐型号：wocam672，wocam 4100","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG8aWrBa6hg91Srj3IKrjNa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"压感：数位板的压感是敏感度，压感越大，敏感度越好。压感2048可以满足入门级要求、4096可以满足职业级要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhiZBA1lMJXELhpqF5cIFnc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":642,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法二：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62198e45791a4266a1de64d201b28ea2","width":1436},"text":"","id":"doxcnvrVo2AyJkGrHtjAo2svr1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、防摔绳，建议配套防摔绳，这样可以让你的笔头不容易摔坏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKiTUpRUZWvJ3TinWypgFog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、台式机\u0026笔记本：32位的内存，intel i5以上的配套即可满足需求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6RFY8IWFWXb0p6YXY7jWpb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法三：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4NkCCtqWRvzeHWEdiPoIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"iPad pro","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoedH5QPr73Hgg6I8XgYYXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、IPad pro有优秀的便捷性，可以替代笔记本电脑。10.5英寸即可满足需求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3165CewvgsZCZ8NlFktRKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ipad+ipencle，可以直接用户绘画；ipad+数位板，ipad当做显示屏，数位板可以当做绘制工具；ipad+mac，可以把ipad当手绘板使用，mac作为显示屏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJgEqOL809qyI7RPsZyl9Fe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":538,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法三：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b5888b45af249fd985fac38596fbf41","width":948},"text":"","id":"doxcnXNhAsGRmMjDBJjWsYyKRMb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画好线条","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIPMJWS4oKdn8ogTgyYf0oh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画好线条，是画画的前提。初学者觉得线条难画，是由于刚接触绘画，熟练度不够，画不好是很正常的。随着这量和时间的积累会慢慢变得熟练。我们接下来来学习线条的概念和功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpH0Shag5PSDth7RsJt1KOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可参考视频：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1KL4y1W726/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1KL4y1W726/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S6Modsqk2oekysxmyLbcQxSSnnd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmlHCCcEnrpkbBBHAXS9qph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会画","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"素线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7QVIPS3OfyuxgTsUXNyyMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素线，就是没有变化，干净清晰的单线。素线的绘画，在所有绘画场景应用中都是最基础的一环。绘画好了素线，才能让观众看清楚画的是什么。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5HLXZm732C6Lv7eJ5JmXcg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3upxtPqhc0w4pgs5iX0TSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会定点连线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYE0B5bP74CeJYm8j8NipSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画线，本质上是对两个点的链接。因此，我们需要首先确定两个点在哪里。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYVutbLBq3avmQ6TgsQ7N2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现拿点 a 到点 b 举例，如果先预判的点 a 与点 b 知道他们的位置，那么就能很清晰的连接点 a 与点 b。如果确定点 a但不太确定点 b， 那么就会变成第二条线，杂乱无章。 如果既无法确定点 a， 又无法确定点 b，就会变成第三条线。这两条线都不够清晰。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI2szzYWkLVm6M4m1lYE8Ze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因此，需要学会预判画作，确定点位安排。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniFqqeek4Mo9spsECjo1Goc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":730,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/da21593bdc784db9ad5be4c31578657b","width":1172},"text":"","id":"doxcne4lxsXWR7akIDtRth0b4nh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拓展一下，画一个形状，就是从点 a 到点 abcd， 最终到一幅画的定点连线。所以想画好线条，乃至于想画好一幅画，都要先进行预判，确定画面中所有点的关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn06s3oxHrDqGJ4uOdoSJlng"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/aecda2a4f7a54a4fb7a81a35aa2aafeb","width":1900},"text":"","id":"QYcCde4iUocI2ixKcIWcsIW0nme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPwCEu1XM0yjbESvgoiQVSg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnv7ItulnBamq8ZXEg37KkWc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTRPBubLlV8h31md4b2NO5d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"用石膏进行练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9hBoxRSb3HztTM9DXZ4O1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学者要先从石膏几何体学起，因为他点位明确，结构简单，这种练习需要练习六十小时左右，基本上就可以掌握。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjyV26GXOq5xB98jeIMLcah"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c1474d85788545acbd6b9d1486a4f305","width":1900},"text":"","id":"PSeAdggGqo68MgxSiX8cOx5Vn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWlO0iDq7zfVWtwtVeFv0rk"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntCQnNUlWZlZhtTb5iPQVwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"长线条的绘制","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCsGKR2X3Jeve6c0DPO0I9a"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"长线条的绘画建议使用接线练习法。接线的是指先打好草稿，然后再一小笔接小一笔地去绘制短线段，最后拼出一条长线条，这个技巧要注意的是上笔的尾线要有笔锋，这样接线时不容留出破绽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3O8JNYXQKRA1vSPzUNevEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/859b198df7ae4c19a78753d7574f411f","width":1900},"text":"","id":"W8K2dUsSOogssOxYrAZcgwqoncf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQOEjEbAHrd4ixWGj5OGKab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"其他练习方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng1eMXLE921t8HsKK5RykGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三笔定型法：在初学阶段有很多人会有蹭线的习惯，三笔定型法就是强迫自己先看到点位，再去作画，一笔试错两笔纠正，三笔确定超过三笔，就需要提醒一下自己自己是否进入了无脑般的机械作画状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsLhjEWwKUxkrBG7isn7ELh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d64d184338fa482794f55d5d5c254847","width":1900},"text":"","id":"JIYwd4saYoyOcOxbyJNclXBWnKx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画螺旋以、定点连线、画气字。这些练习非常适合在正式开画前或者自己平时无聊时。 练习三到五分钟，久而久之，就会提升手眼协调能力，以及手部的灵活度。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn75BSzbncQ7EfjuqKDpjPcd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ab71b3e88614b81a2fef2d986ae4983","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Ra0sd8KUUoguIyxmyRdcwWtsnqh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/11f54b01dc6e4baf8c8204a6ff6b0782","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Km8Edm0I4oWmAQxOiincE2Fmntg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/11f54b01dc6e4baf8c8204a6ff6b0782","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Km8Edm0I4oWmAQxOiincE2Fmntg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e00653ec71764b2d8e5b0aabef5fd09c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Ew20d6As4oKqSaxY7zWcw2IBn1c"}],"text":"","id":"UQOcdU8qSoCUGaxgVAPc1dErneO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UQOcdU8qSoCUGaxgVAPc1dErneO"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDS6DrilGnJuB38zB84z1kc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会画线条的强调性","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmMlJsWlP321PRSvxS7A5Ge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条具有强调总结的作用。在同样一组线条中加强某一段了，就会让你注意到它。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQEN5C0IFiQ1rW6hHUrbP6e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法1：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQko8DAkqiiSGcddElCOWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"从外至内线分层法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMottVWR4ogcs0mrxn9ncXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1，以这个人物举例，在素线的基础上先去强调","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"外轮廓","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn253ghDRZdQhUZUjWpzlGMW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2，加强外轮廓之后，你会发现手部埋没在了细节里，无法一眼分辨，那么就需要加强手臂轮廓，让他在重度的线条中跳出称为比外轮廓线细比竖线粗的","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二级线","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRdYp8yjRl7uj4ReoS8D4ke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3，按照这个逻辑顺序，接着往下做图。 从外到内，手臂的装饰肯定没有外轮廓和手臂重要，所以接着降级为","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三级线","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，直到最后剩下素线。绘画完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRrnIfXLI7ZIWBPWCTcJKhe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法1：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7bbfb71cc616414e8bbabab65e22a373","width":1900},"text":"","id":"FKmydC8QcoQqwgx7yeVc043gnHP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法2：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7dNLLaS6d4sGu2fOGxni3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"线条的视觉引导","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnptIRRefu5irwrseR9tinKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加粗的线条，会引导观众的目光，让他们去关注你想让他们关注的地方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWG8Z4Og9HcV3qYdyCJOq1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以画一个人为例，你的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"主视觉","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"停留是在头手脚上，其次是关节，至于直来直去的手臂与腿部都是一晃而过，不会过多关注。所以我们的线条也应该多在这些视觉停留的点多做文章。首先肯定是将外轮廓加重，同时也加重转折处于关节处以及头手脚，以达到强调和视觉停留的目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndYDkmnTkOAUL9DiPpoRUwg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法2：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/102d5f8660294705a07c2f09898cd82e","width":1900},"text":"","id":"OGMkdKqKkoi0cIxIZfyc8d63nhc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNmTodJWXnl1e2i7lDatCsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"学会用线条提现光影","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYN4oTRlPhAE3RnqMPmPFaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"光的强弱与力量感，也可以通过线条的粗细来表现，比如在光强的地方和有张力的事物上，把线条画得细。一些受重力垂坠影响的物体，承受重力的位置笔触重一些。绘画时将他们组合运用，会让线条显得高级。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFJvB6N8GQQGsTDhYkQWo7e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":670,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8d5c2038252246939af149a77af0f34a","width":1164},"text":"","id":"doxcnWleCxZi1OdgW5YTG5AmyYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5O5n8CiPYgQUWRwq92Ut4c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":544,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a27bcae5434456186ea43a50e9c8136","width":964},"text":"","id":"doxcniWRJ0owz1YvutXbOOnxmtg"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":936,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cd1e9eb2a1434c86b71a733c751b52dd","width":958},"text":"","id":"doxcn5PWezIKsaIIjozTiBZO0oe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":746,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/580461fa883841578f0941ad514707ce","width":1832},"text":"","id":"doxcnqc4ajvS5pt8E5RppNEx80d"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx5je3YmzcxdDnfrJAe69Rb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnx5je3YmzcxdDnfrJAe69Rb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拿人物举例，在素线的基础上，去观察人体。由于上眼皮、鼻翼、唇线、下巴都有","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"投影","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，需要加重一下，从而体现观感。另外脸部一些转折是骨头，比较重要，也需要加重强调一下。这样效果就会比素线稿好很多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZWnlKETFNeWZXwjihMA1lh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0508fa7fc99a4b9e9c0fc0b164d0c02c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Fa22deAWeoyKqkxeIXic4xjlnFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拿肌肉来举例，把膨胀的肌肉中间处，画得薄一点来体现肌肉张力。这是美漫经常使用的方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR2g0huA4yHYrZnE7qzTQcG"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"方法3：","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b25ba6f409954ecda857840ec589fc9e","width":1900},"text":"","id":"P6MAdoseSoMue8xCibscub1wnse"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：开始正式绘画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBFwi8VpHqn6bWqFRm5eTrb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：绘制线稿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfyN8VNRc0m847788RigoFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这一步可以随意一些，大致画出你想要的形状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaQ23GSoymLCFhy9y3FV6Gh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：绘制精草","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnri6fol2oRgyTbopTrryqzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用三笔定型法去绘制精草。这一步要注意不要出现粗细等长的蹭线，不然等到绘画成稿时，无法确定哪一根是正确线条。动笔之前先动了三思而后行。草稿阶段要绘制完所有的正确线，才能算绘制完毕。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFJQnvo53qbTjVXsddxSXUb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：丰富线的内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPTFp6xQnBOCJaghxazJGEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"确定了线的级别。首先加重了外轮廓、接着去加粗转折部分，比如裤脚的位置。再去加粗一下","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"投影","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的区域，体现一下光感。画到这里，你的线稿基本就算合格了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq5NZH4AstNLFU1X1bubvLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DwuQdS46goocUCxgD3Xc7Q0enNe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":984,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：丰富线的内容","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/32c54bbf585d4734ad0e5e326357833f","width":1784},"text":"","id":"doxcny8D9IFSWUNZYweGy63bKBc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：线条临摹练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGSGwwNR6HJtFo70ir5eyib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平时适合临摹学习的画师，推荐爱德华吉顿、鸟山明以、金政基这三位前辈的线稿，基本上是万能线。建议临摹一百张以上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHTE4jtGSspClSuo0w8KfWc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":936,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：线条临摹练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/432b738bef504a6b928039cbaf89c162","width":1578},"text":"","id":"doxcnWP7Mfuar7FGFSTMbnLWkGf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR2DqUoQRO8weH3vcCRaU4f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画形状","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnP7UNLSEwT8AGfEOZ0jRwve"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：认识形","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8y5ZJmFPv3yYCaaXWj0eBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"简单地说，画形状是将三维世界通过我们人眼转化为二维画面写在纸上。绘画就是画形状。画面中的形并不只有我们所谓的客观物品，而是二维化的形状拼接。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpjINqFRyEEcoWgNo6ZvXFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1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画完转折点后，整幅画对比一下，调节一下相对位置，就得了准确的形状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE2xBh570iGPgdwXmu2Mwue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：把转折点连接","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"成素","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWoWzGvFwr9HMOKGI5I0fBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5：补充上阴形的颜色填充，绘画完毕。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneffRH5HA5daVdWT3O5Yvgz"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":912,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：画准形","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b1e1597935fc47669dc22fc95274b4b4","width":1764},"text":"","id":"doxcnjAPDAb2lnKDU59Fnh1f8ec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOn8McpULDUS3cuhOR4WpDc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAUnmDgBaHvkpJdeTsw6KDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JcmadesgMoyKWOxu8cKcpzv5njb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在二维平面画出三维感的方法，称之为透视。严格来说，透视可以归类为数学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOWRt9jCGXINl2fdR8gcoBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见的绘画中，会通过物品遮挡来表达体积感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXBIKnsHp6PsyHXMqKlTi5e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":924,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e09bb13f16e049309252cdb64fc1db14","width":1834},"text":"","id":"doxcncCK9CeKLdc45LrFwzYZNSb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":956,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d979092b1b594918ba8c82515552e52a","width":1708},"text":"","id":"doxcnnPUun3hTXFRLEZR2fXGGBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，近大远小也是常见的透视方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnv7cpg9DgdR8Snt3zISE2Xc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":802,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/85a6662dbd08431f894732d840ced988","width":1522},"text":"","id":"doxcnaI3FPtoGflxcqiNHKw2JOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其次是，近实远虚。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk1NzxQrkaJE4yqpRHrJLch"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":986,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/432038b07c9e4330894ff18a79e74777","width":1766},"text":"","id":"doxcncAW9SESTQMw9mcpX2nyNuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最后，是近疏远密，如图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMlrr6exfpvUUl9jFt8uCrb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":796,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"如何画体积","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/93b104139dc84e41a92f8c9dcaf50fc2","width":1536},"text":"","id":"doxcnpxmbBicmkBUlzgF9a0uFOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn55FFcubKJaOtdd6mCspkbe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaVisobxoO9DfBSCiPsjaXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要进行绘画，首先我们要知道什么是视中线，视平线和地平线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlaW65TeotfHRdnq2qsLBjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视平线，就是我们眼睛正视前方的水平线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR95QaxF3KKi7LFe2tHWXUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当视中线、和视频线重合时与我们的眼睛保持水平中立，这种情况叫做平视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkc7RHIPcqK5J9VaMBZ2nyg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":934,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/16ac05e64a514f9f9a80a684c158e620","width":1876},"text":"","id":"doxcnKmvZId33H19PU6R2MWuUrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们向下看时，视线脱离视平线向下，这就是俯视。从眼睛处延伸一条直射于眼睛正在看到的场景。这条线我们称之为是视中线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAEJuEF48WG9vgFnpEIjnd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":782,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/675baa2196aa4d9c8214e7682bf7a5b3","width":1828},"text":"","id":"doxcnA7Wg6Dd2oofvNRQPmaNCy5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当我们向上看时，也就是视中线会跟着眼睛一起水平向上脱离视平线，这就是仰视、","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2LunGZaPwqWk3l9T3QHm1c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":916,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d904eb50f2c44705921d92f72487f83f","width":1790},"text":"","id":"doxcnAl7ORH7ltBfROQVCIwsLCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视中线，是我们的目之所及，会跟着我们的眼睛变化而变化。视平线始终水平，位于眼部位置，它是界定仰视与俯视的一把水平。总的来说，视平线会将画面切割，视平线上便是是仰视。视平线下方便是俯视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhPXYiRXGmH5zOirtERR3Bd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":904,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步：学习什么是视平线","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9530dda7521f4c559710dc1db8550bed","width":1458},"text":"","id":"doxcnkwGwQtBg6v4IHNx5J8xKEf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：学会绘制一点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngVTUHmFyTnJ8w5qUORfJ2f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":906,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：学会绘制一点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6128873f46034c51b05ec16342ef406b","width":1654},"text":"","id":"doxcn4kMjL8euNUkrc1DQJtMLRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GayudQmqQoGgwOxuMF2c6HD8nob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一点透视，又称平行透视。一点透视只能画出正面朝向你的一面，它是与你的视线平行的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnipbmLlXFDwpvEVhrECcO4e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：画出视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbaOwjjbyhCjKSOQob46Fyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们要首先画出视频线，因为我们要确定一个方形平视还是仰视或是俯视，都需要我们的视频线作为标识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnctRqD2HdXEHFPYvat02qBh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：画出正面的形状","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ9MRy23VNni7eSImBbw3yb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正面是不会产生形变的，因为它是正面对着你、如果你看到是一个方，那么它就是一个方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2GedoGeHdHaziCm5T9rxVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：找到消失点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnD3PrC0wi5ECTRnI90FGcob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个集中消失的点，我们叫它消失点，就像刚才演示一样，当你看到一个大正面对其他面都是慢慢消失一点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnTbJC0o2YZLTWIEQmBtLurC"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：连接点与消失点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzlvd1VXYURilzjYofYZ0Lb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"连接消失点，画出物品的厚度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbs4ygHhFGDiSScPhtk4bQf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：连接点与消失点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/391f8e2400754ff68a68a90f4e5bcf14","width":1900},"text":"","id":"MwOyday2IoGOWCxk1c9cjcI1nub"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWKQBLa5IPVWmJ6KC9LkfLf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具1：X工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXnmi8tI8hqQxA85x2QqbId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"X工具的用途是用来找到方形的中点。如图我们看到方形a， 现在我们来看到对角线得到中心点b。 这样同理可用无限循环，找到每一个方形的中点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnThbyvwwaDqL3nWU9fj9eac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在平面中相等，那么在透视中一样相等。因此我们在一个斜着的方形中画对角线，也可以找到在透视中的方形的中点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0RdYuJ49ZSKdZB5kRW4Rjf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具1：X工具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/023e2769a1cd448ebdd12d286213ecf0","width":1900},"text":"","id":"UOkod2mwWoumSkxiw2wcYYdwnTb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具2：N工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn19zUExyW6bcBe4GdI70UIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果我们想在透视中画出间隔相等的物体，那么就需要这个N工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3z5kWk6oP6X8b4tc2UA6uf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：首先我们确定我们想要的间距，画出垂线，这就是距离最近方形的第一条边。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFWVX7BDX9SPdc1n08lbREg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：先用X工具，连接原有方形的对角线，这样就找到这个方形的中点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniQZzi3KgqkcHZzFI8cbT43"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：从方形的中点，画出一条与透视线平行的线，与方形的边相交得到了点A。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksuspRImMzxpiG6UR0FVwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：然后我们再从方形的端点B，延伸到点A，相较于透视线，得到了点C。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl2NkFLefCKPdaveHsJ1Guf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5：从点C出发。画一条与透视线垂直的线，我们就画出来了两个完全相同的方形。重复如此，可以得到多个相同的等距方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneJTW9Y9FQfTQt0kN44dnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在平面中可以这么复制，在透视中也同理。 因为连接点很像是字母N，所以称之为N工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrJcgFoiGnv81eNMcFbItZc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具2：N工具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/928994deaccf48729156cb827f61d872","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Gyoed4G2ioQ6wSxidhrcYVOXn1x"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAOoCH7T8x1miUwaGISKE5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们来尝试画一个有许多柱子和吊灯的走廊。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxpLVJ4pbTgkQkHT6V8415f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：我们首先利用N工具来画柱子。确定了柱子之间的间距相同，可以画出多个柱子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn5nJx77DLNQCjEEApKqqtJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：然后用X工具来画等。确定每一点灯都在格子中间部位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnh0BaVzIxlzxHTzIm4lNk9q"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：接下来添加一些细节，就完成绘画了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVu7UHpbUZzjThbidK3LWke"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6dfdb2673c234abb8f8a68beca5bc927","width":1900},"text":"","id":"AA4Uduy6eo2migxiWeDcTsEfn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用工具3：对角线消失点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniypOVvW1ELhsN25lwk11Pe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们在绘画固定大小的方格时，使用这个方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDSdnjr64EKxLWyeqAaV6JL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：确定视平线，与视平线上的消失点A。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRa0gsRVuQ56iEzn4tXxeZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：接着按照一点透视，连接消失点与方形的端点，确定方格大小。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncQp5vyb1SJevU3lZ1ucMsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：从方形画出对角线，延伸至视平线交叉，得到了对角线消失点B。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE0n2zGHzU1An7uLp1kF7Td"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2d94ca0fb8a64cb899b22752f805e1f6","width":1900},"text":"","id":"DWQydGKMwoaGIQxqQv1cLCK4nfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：从方形边角连接点 b ，得到了交叉点 c 和 d 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9LQwZbAxDXUZYpXiBqbSlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/efa67ace8c3545e4a1c56ece5bf56ffc","width":1900},"text":"","id":"XYC8dyeagoumAMxQlr5cYMPrnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5：从消失点连接点d，且贯穿。从点 c 出发，横向平行画出平线线。我们就得到了在透视中完全相同的四个方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyghQUvDcai0py5SOi6sy5f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/58abb58b470448beb7695e931ddf1441","width":1900},"text":"","id":"QaYEd6Q4wok8CExgRWScUEeoneb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤6：重复这个步骤，我们就会得到无数个相同方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMJsJFaYE4wbjJLG8I8Hn6b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c281039039f4b70beff60e9c461d6ac","width":1900},"text":"","id":"CK8udIaAuo4KmOxI1ctcDfQ3nrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤7：间隔填上颜色，就画出了一个铺好的地板，我们可以把它翻转得到天花板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmCBXDQmTrMms3thtmKAG0c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"小贴士：X工具与N工具结合示范","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/19f912dd5abd426ca25b949d2f8e9b63","width":1900},"text":"","id":"D80Md6Iw6oWs4cxcNnrcO0wXnwc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：两点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyLdU88lzjOebFTKjCKrcKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视，特点就是我们人的视线不再和物体平行，而是物体总有一个转折角对着我们。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn03fLBh5PMIdBbKPOl6RMhK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ji4y1N7L9/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GGmUdi8cAoSigCxS7kicByeVn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：还是先画出视平线。确定消失点H和L。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1ZH6fXsDiz8pPngSr7Vkgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：画出一条垂直线。从这条线的两个端点出发，向两个消失点连线，我们就得到了方程的两个侧面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4jiKUdjixKQHs82x5aKIyb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：两点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/06635c29d27a4e51a8cd3bf81ff43053","width":1900},"text":"","id":"EiAYdy8MEoOEcaxKu1ScrquJnuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：找到顶点R和K，与消失点点连接支线。R连接H，K连接L。 这样我们就得到一个完整的两点透视方形。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkicBfETLwdFN0vZK2DxNOd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：两点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2aa2b433484f4e7db2ad8fae40d04c1d","width":1900},"text":"","id":"GYwmdeIK6oeIcgxIDWZcFvlOn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：其他角度均是如此。记住，所有的消失点都消失于 ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"hl","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" 两个消失点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnf3d7VTyEnHkTTSGuPn69rb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":938,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步：两点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/40e7d5758a284a3eb323111e6d62b436","width":1750},"text":"","id":"doxcnRiLe66Tlw3C2FCLPz7tyub"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw7RQEX37mL5zr9P384Psae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们画画时，大部分不可能那么巧都是纯粹的两点透视、一点透视，大部分情况都会同时出现。一点透视和两点透视，一般都是共同同一条视平线。接下来我们来学习怎么画出两种透视同时存在的情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnykzuvOnE63BvVNMv574hMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：画出视平线，确定多个消失点。一个画面可以有多个消失点，但是切记视平线要始终保持不变，且只有一条。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQxbJmSkhdVcsHKdIzx0wEF"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":846,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d205a0aaaf9f4d62912aa57c380df639","width":1888},"text":"","id":"doxcnEwmdLaTbyQBTOAFNDCcnef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：按照上述教过的方法，画出多个不同的物体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl39FRhaLt1vDwCWWIyjoeh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e4520eca4cdb4b1b925112d0626cd308","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Sc2gdcSk4o6ggoxkHa2cJ7lCnXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视中的X工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnr0cE2KuuzNDxh7A3kL5meg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、画出视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKNYjM3H2YmNvJlSGvq9yFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、X工具却确定中点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaOdQRRYnBmh7ug8JbRqyVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、连接中点与消失点，就可以平分长方体","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwGagMcv1NvXHQq8loJ9Rlg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d2c6ae11b265486183c0cfe74543362a","width":1900},"text":"","id":"KEkQd64Soo2W2SxyQTDcQrdfnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"两点透视中的对角线消失工具，与一点透视同理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnjT1JH5tObJIwHV0HN13lQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"示范练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsvDndyV6MWVsg0RvnM79Yc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":970,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步：一点透视与两点透视同时出现","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dbea501642e040a39b14b49710bacc17","width":1900},"text":"","id":"W028dwOA4oWIUWxVzF8cEl9Enpt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkjL8coq1hDzK0KfYd7TMhb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntX24R3SHBmhHHKjV2O3snh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三个测试是应用在极仰和极的视角中。即是否有明显的抬头，或者低头的画面中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoVHcQx5AUDJnzaAep0TqPg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1074,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/afa3da1009434ae8af088cf445ac2aa8","width":1844},"text":"","id":"doxcnsaAjhKuSgnxRsQxke5xJ8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三点透视，有三个消失点，会形成一个三角形。正三角形是仰视，倒三角形是俯视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNXUBoNdk1XbZhJ3MbyRaEf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8028724b1bd94131acaefdcb8f142002","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Sm4od2i4IoOIIqx4lX9cdTS6nFh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/395dff0d62014267ae7ce7c14c53bdc8","width":1900},"text":"","id":"CI6Udm0WQoiaoaxqsdvcheV4nEc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetzuTlsOEA7m0qeqEglgce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三点透视的特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnetzuTlsOEA7m0qeqEglgce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一点透视、两点透视的纵轴是垂直的，只有横轴在变化。三点和两点一点的区别在于，三点的纵轴垂直线不再是平行，而是相交于一点，形成了三个消失点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCTzPqAlgP2KeooEag93Dbf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1038,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/02b2b0b8f6de49589d0cf8ac43f8b435","width":1870},"text":"","id":"doxcnX2yglNzwXK7O6cJbDeUxSe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1016,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8b5d5538dc8642069d2e88fa70485f0f","width":1898},"text":"","id":"doxcnYPZO4S0JeMfVccFgH8sJ2e"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS1aQPbKYltUXKGTzSOI6od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"N、X、对角线三工具还是同理、区别在于也是不再具有纵轴垂直线，而是全部相交于纵轴的消失点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS1aQPbKYltUXKGTzSOI6od"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/73483b1ad7ef4770afb35155e20d099e","width":1900},"text":"","id":"YcUwdW84koeMi2xcTUwcbGqfnpg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67b17c0d506c4747b9ff14d6e7149de7","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Doi4d0kqmoI6SUxKCZUcl08Onlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67b17c0d506c4747b9ff14d6e7149de7","width":1900},"text":"","id":"Doi4d0kqmoI6SUxKCZUcl08Onlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57a9efd722d34cf88d7bb243aaa6f35c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"EysAdkWGgo42yIxEhctcpyYDnLc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/57a9efd722d34cf88d7bb243aaa6f35c","width":1900},"text":"","id":"EysAdkWGgo42yIxEhctcpyYDnLc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1050,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步：三点透视","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/672f313c3cdc460b8e1e2088f69b26ef","width":1900},"text":"","id":"OOusdS6QUocqMixQ9Odc3vXEnZc"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZrwVAvSIpwmKv0yfazaUof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"第五步，正式开始作画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZrwVAvSIpwmKv0yfazaUof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤1：画出视平线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1KudFO4DbK3rlqBtibmDVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤2：应用对角线消失点画出地板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcntGD0EKeCxmMYS50RY8HLgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤3：画出人体脚底板的位置，按照透视来确定脚的位置，可以避免人物浮空或者空间错位","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnORw0vYXPl0d33TvYpjEQLj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤4：接着画人体。把人体当做好几个几何体的组成，用N工具来确定人体大比例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndZejGfg2BM2RIxs8nBjcTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤5：人体细节完善，画出线条、衣物、头发、包等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2SO3C2QaJC7p4tk7ecd8Be"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"步骤6：同理画出其他物品，如小轿车。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnesKjpZnwcNBTGFgLQEtKkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1012,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"第五步，正式开始作画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3347b46442a64ae48aeedecbf7303504","width":1900},"text":"","id":"UIEMdUoaOoQUUUxiqOhc2iXsneg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYfZJVApJPA6nnEUN6DOOFd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：简单几何体练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn7N5pG57TSMdPIQ7MvUIuXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"熟悉透视之后，需要进行几何体多角度翻滚练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzxs1NfaaiLyWkZXbPt1R9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议每天画一百个左右，坚持两周即可。如果你时间不对，也可以每天画10~20个，需要坚持2-3个月左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnz9WZtMTzLApMxig0FMqUhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"方形翻滚作画示例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8mW4Xwi00rXj3fGFJ7Grig"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":836,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：简单几何体练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ee6f972defc4f7b84014eb176eef07d","width":1766},"text":"","id":"doxcn2FLeXG70xFPEaJCbCh8xDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十字方翻滚多角度作画示例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn9kXrxLebrCWyPQhLvQATI5"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO83K7PvJcNXevpIP1kbddg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":944,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：简单几何体练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f72e428c395e4152b641592a9fe588c9","width":1844},"text":"","id":"doxcnFBcDRCijjHdL52TnMPrAtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"方和圆组合翻滚多角度示例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnzQBDLPrbO2iRbUeywmV0pf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":936,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：简单几何体练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f090580165c84eb3b6181caee5551a13","width":1776},"text":"","id":"doxcnDUavHQKMqeIFkjVzrBADtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"方和圆翻滚","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA7uYijLgIYlqxzcCBXKw5g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0oRteY3QPSVWgwoL7zuq9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接下来我们把难度升级，物体组合练习。我们要将物体转换成几何体，接着再练习方形的翻滚一样，让我们的物体翻滚起来，练习多角度绘画强迫自己在脑中建立三 d 模型的感觉，去考虑同一物体不同角度的形状特点和体积变化。这样的组合练习也需要1~2个月左右（每天如果只有1-2小时，需要练习3~4个月的时间）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEH6TW5hw8Mnn0IGQm7Aigc"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":916,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/65e74418c1ac425e8496e5e6c7a0b286","width":1816},"text":"","id":"doxcn3eazxmlyoCli6jMps3lQkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":910,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e0048eb15281470b9b13a5f119b744ec","width":1846},"text":"","id":"doxcnGTHCOau9vNSRlCjPFDodoc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":910,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e0048eb15281470b9b13a5f119b744ec","width":1846},"text":"","id":"doxcnGTHCOau9vNSRlCjPFDodoc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":956,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习：物体/物体几何练习","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fd755759b0d24b67b17217261b49749c","width":1878},"text":"","id":"doxcnjB9kbo3KrOW7mx1IuPzMef"}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLipSoFgQ8qOKT9xYhktwtd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLipSoFgQ8qOKT9xYhktwtd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj0pi7xcKQq0fs4Y0FxbuNR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频可参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aZ4y1k7ze/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CAYSduEuuoMUwQxiYGecHjzTnpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《像艺术家一样思考》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsDc4VeM19F0k7ab6Papymw"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":734,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b9ddaba65e864180b372c70db73f895f","width":606},"text":"","id":"doxcnTp1ucPivd6dqZlbaByByAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《透视画法入门》，建议整本通读，每篇都进行临摹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWAT2F4oPk6p8KjGwumrIqc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":674,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/78ab8ab84b0c48cd924d575692e10d3d","width":670},"text":"","id":"doxcnJwYE0jy6V18X1YvETqZvBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、《贝蒂的色彩》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn07fPnU8gdF1Vmz7uUzZtFf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":568,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7cd70b6e955b4296901d43a354e60bd8","width":840},"text":"","id":"doxcnJDwGx237Z7tYa6RUvQo2Jg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、《FIGURE DRAWING》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnncfGHszvN7o6MT3GtjSrmc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":860,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d0c9dbbb768941c7a5b8a1662eddf726","width":628},"text":"","id":"doxcnJrctjsxD2zZcCKEwKAGYmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、《动态素描·人体结构》。通篇阅读，整本临摹。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpzvyKJFFu9f0z60NLX5XTh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":660,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐图书","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/21c5fe224437415494773901e4b861f5","width":508},"text":"","id":"doxcn8QNDmkGmW2HORwvyoyH3xQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnagDegjMrMDEq8r1acuFfdd"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E